Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the addition of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) to a growing DNA strand during DNA replication, as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 2

In the DNA synthesis reaction depicted, what is released as a byproduct each time a nucleotide is added to the growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Inorganic pyrophosphate ($$PP_i)$$

Question 3

What is the direction of synthesis for the new DNA strand during replication, as indicated in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of Mg$$^{2+} in $$the DNA polymerization reaction shown?

Accepted Answer

It is required for the catalytic activity of DNA polymerase.

Question 5

If the DNA template strand sequence is 5'-ATCGGTA-3', what would be the sequence of the newly synthesized complementary strand (written 5' to 3')?

Accepted Answer

5'-TACCGAT-3'

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the DNA polymerization reaction is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand.

Question 7

What is the chemical equation for the addition of one nucleotide to a growing DNA strand, as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

$$(dNMP)_n + dNTP \xrightarrow{DNA\ polymerase} (dNMP)_{n+1} + PP_i$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT required for the DNA polymerization reaction depicted in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A ribosome

Question 9

Why is the energy released from the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate ($$PP_i) $$important in DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It drives the formation of the phosphodiester bond between nucleotides.

Question 10

If a mutation occurred that prevented the release of pyrophosphate ($$PP_i) $$during DNA synthesis, what would be the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

DNA synthesis would be inhibited due to lack of energy for bond formation.

Molecular Biology: DNA Structure, Replication, Expression, and Evolution

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