Question 1

Which organelle is depicted in the first image, and what is its primary function in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast; it is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 2

What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 3

Which part of the chloroplast is the site of the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 4

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis, and what color does it reflect?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a; reflects green

Question 5

What is the main purpose of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To generate ATP and NADPH for the Calvin Cycle

Question 6

During the light-dependent reactions, what is the source of electrons for the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 7

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

NADP$$^+$$

Question 8

What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions)?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.

Question 10

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 11

What is the net gain of ATP molecules from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct summary of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 36ATP$$

Question 13

Which stage of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain

Question 14

What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water.

Question 15

Which process allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 16

Which type of fermentation occurs in human muscle cells during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 17

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP yield?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces much more ATP (about 36 ATP per glucose) than anaerobic respiration (about 2 ATP per glucose).

Question 18

Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin Cycle to allow the cycle to continue?

Accepted Answer

Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why plants appear green?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light.

Question 20

A scientist exposes a plant to only green light. What is the most likely effect on the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

The rate of photosynthesis will decrease because chlorophyll reflects green light.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Structure, Function, and Pathways

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