Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the root system in vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

To anchor the plant, absorb water and minerals, and store carbohydrates

Question 2

A botanist observes a plant with parallel leaf veins, scattered vascular bundles in the stem, and a fibrous root system. To which group does this plant most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Monocots

Question 3

Which of the following root modifications is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Pneumatophores – facilitate gas exchange in waterlogged soils

Question 4

Which tissue system is responsible for the long-distance transport of water, minerals, and nutrients in plants?

Accepted Answer

Vascular tissue system

Question 5

A student examines a cross-section of a stem and observes vascular bundles arranged in a ring. This stem most likely belongs to:

Accepted Answer

A eudicot

Question 6

Which of the following cell types is alive at maturity and specialized for metabolic functions such as photosynthesis and storage?

Accepted Answer

Parenchyma cells

Question 7

Which equation best represents the process of photosynthesis occurring in the main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about secondary growth in woody plants is correct?

Accepted Answer

Secondary growth increases the diameter of stems and roots

Question 9

A plant biologist is studying a tissue with thick, lignified secondary walls that is dead at maturity. This tissue is most likely composed of:

Accepted Answer

Sclerenchyma cells

Question 10

Which structure in the root is responsible for regulating the passage of substances from the soil into the vascular cylinder?

Accepted Answer

Endodermis

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why sieve-tube elements in phloem must be associated with companion cells?

Accepted Answer

Sieve-tube elements lack nuclei and most organelles, so companion cells perform metabolic functions for them

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of zones in a growing root, starting from the tip upward?

Accepted Answer

Zone of cell division → Zone of elongation → Zone of differentiation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of trichomes on the shoot epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They help defend the plant against insects

Question 14

A cross-section of a woody stem reveals several concentric rings. What do these rings represent, and what information can they provide?

Accepted Answer

They are growth rings of secondary xylem and can be used to estimate the tree's age and past climate conditions

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the ground tissue system in plants?

Accepted Answer

Long-distance transport of water and nutrients

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between heartwood and sapwood in a tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

Heartwood is the inner, nonfunctional xylem; sapwood is the outer, functional xylem that transports water

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the rate of water transport ($$Q$$), the cross-sectional area of xylem ($$A$$), and the velocity of water flow ($$v) in a $$plant stem?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = A 	imes v$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a modified stem, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Potato tuber – storage of starch

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why monocots rarely undergo secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

Monocots lack vascular cambium, which is necessary for secondary growth

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the cork cambium in woody plants?

Accepted Answer

It replaces the epidermis with periderm, which protects the stem

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development: Study Notes for General Biology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드