Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of root hairs in plants?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption.

Question 2

Which plant tissue is primarily responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves?

Accepted Answer

Xylem tissue

Question 3

A plant is observed to have thickened stems and roots as it ages. Which type of meristem is responsible for this secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

Lateral meristem

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence of layers from the center of a tree trunk outward to the bark?

Accepted Answer

Pith, medullary rays, heartwood, sapwood, cambium, phloem, bark

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why turgor pressure is essential for plant cells?

Accepted Answer

It maintains cell wall rigidity and supports plant structure.

Question 6

Which mutualistic relationship is responsible for increasing phosphorus uptake in most vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

Mycorrhizae

Question 7

A plant growing in a drought-prone environment closes its stomata and releases a hormone to reduce water loss. Which hormone is primarily involved in this response?

Accepted Answer

Abscisic acid

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of double fertilization in angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

One sperm fertilizes the egg, and the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form endosperm.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key evolutionary advantage of seeds over spores?

Accepted Answer

Seeds provide protection and stored food for the embryo.

Question 10

A plant’s tendrils coil around a nearby support structure. This is an example of which type of tropism?

Accepted Answer

Thigmotropism

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of companion cells in phloem tissue?

Accepted Answer

They provide metabolic support to sieve-tube elements.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the Casparian strip in plant roots?

Accepted Answer

It blocks the apoplastic route, forcing substances through the endodermal cell membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the cohesion-tension mechanism for water transport in plants?

Accepted Answer

Transpiration creates a negative pressure that pulls water upward, with cohesion and adhesion maintaining the water column.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of animal-mediated seed dispersal?

Accepted Answer

A berry eaten by a bird, with the seed later excreted in a new location.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between annual, biennial, and perennial plants?

Accepted Answer

Annuals live for one year, biennials for two years, and perennials for many years.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the plant hormone gibberellin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates cell elongation, seed germination, and flowering.

Question 17

A plant is exposed to a short period of intense heat. Which of the following is a likely plant response?

Accepted Answer

Production of heat shock proteins to prevent denaturation.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of translocation in phloem?

Accepted Answer

Sugars are actively loaded into sieve tubes at the source, water follows by osmosis, and pressure drives bulk flow toward the sink.

Question 19

Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction in plants?

Accepted Answer

It produces genetically identical offspring, reducing genetic diversity.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes photoperiodism in plants?

Accepted Answer

The physiological response to the relative length of night and day.

Plant Structure, Growth, Nutrition, and Reproduction – Study Notes

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