Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why prokaryotes, such as bacteria, are considered to dominate the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Their collective biomass outweighs all eukaryotes combined by at least 10 fold.

Question 2

Which structure in a prokaryotic cell enables it to adhere to surfaces and sometimes protects it from dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 3

A scientist discovers a microorganism living in a hot spring at 110°C and a pH of 2. Which group does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Thermoacidophiles

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the genetic material in a typical bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

One single, circular, continuous molecule of DNA located in the cytoplasm

Question 5

Which metabolic strategy allows bacteria to use inorganic chemical reactions to build glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotrophy

Question 6

A bacterium that can survive with or without oxygen is classified as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Facultative anaerobe

Question 7

Which process increases genetic diversity in bacterial populations without increasing their numbers?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 8

What is the primary ecological role of saprophytic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Decomposing dead organic matter and recycling nutrients

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaebacteria lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and have unique membrane lipids.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the process of nitrogen fixation carried out by certain bacteria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{N_2$ + 3H_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3}$$

Question 11

A patient is prescribed antibiotics for a bacterial infection. Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics target structures and processes unique to bacteria, not found in viruses.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of mutualism involving bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in root nodules of legumes

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

One cell replicates its DNA and divides in half, forming two identical daughter cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to identify prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 15

A bacterium is found to be motile and moves by lashing or snaking forward. Which structure is most likely responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the importance of endospore formation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium survives boiling temperatures and later grows when conditions improve.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic reproduction does not lead to unlimited population growth in nature?

Accepted Answer

Growth is limited by food supply, waste accumulation, competition, and predation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bacterial shape and its description?

Accepted Answer

Bacilli – rod-shaped

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria convert nitrogen gas into nitrates, which plants can use to build proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible reason why Archaebacteria are considered more closely related to eukaryotes than to Eubacteria?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA sequences of key genes are more similar to those of eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes: Structure, Diversity, and Importance of Bacteria and Archaea

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