Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group.

Question 2

What type of bond forms between two amino acids during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 4

Enzymes are a type of protein that:

Accepted Answer

Speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Amino\ acid}_1 + \mathrm{Amino\ acid}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Dipeptide} + H_2O$$

Question 6

A protein's function is most directly determined by its:

Accepted Answer

Three-dimensional shape

Question 7

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are consumed during the reaction they catalyze.

Question 8

A mutation causes a change in the primary structure of a protein. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein may lose its function due to altered folding.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why high fevers can be dangerous to humans?

Accepted Answer

High temperatures can denature enzymes, disrupting metabolic processes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-life example of a protein's function?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transporting oxygen in the blood

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of a competitive inhibitor on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct representation of the general formula for an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NH_2$} - \mathrm{CHR} - \mathrm{COOH}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the R group in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

It determines the specific properties and identity of the amino acid.

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the importance of protein structure to its function?

Accepted Answer

A change in the sequence of amino acids in insulin leads to diabetes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of enzymes that allows them to be used repeatedly in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They are not consumed or permanently changed during the reaction.

Proteins: Structure, Function, and Enzymes

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