Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between natural selection and evolution?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is an explanation for how evolution happens.

Question 2

A caterpillar that is camouflaged is more likely to reproduce because it is less likely to be eaten by a bird. Is this statement more directly related to evolution or natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 3

Which organism will have the highest fitness, based on the biological definition of fitness?

Accepted Answer

Organism C lives for 1 year, is relatively small, and produces 3 offspring.

Question 4

Which statement would be supported by the concept of common descent?

Accepted Answer

Many similarities between species exist because they were inherited from the same ancestor.

Question 5

Dog breeds are defined by denoting breed standards, a list of agreed-upon traits that individuals of that breed should possess. Dog shows rank dogs based on their adherence to these breed standards. Which statement about dog breeds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Breed standards use an idealized form to which dogs are compared; this reflects typological thinking.

Question 6

What is one reason population thinking is so important in biology?

Accepted Answer

Population thinking requires scientists to consider the full variation that is present in nature.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is more aligned with ladder-based thinking?

Accepted Answer

Species are unchanging.

Question 8

The Latin term 'Scala Naturae' reflects which argument?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle’s argument that organisms can be arranged hierarchically by complexity.

Question 9

True or False: In tree thinking, species are organized from low complexity to high complexity.

Accepted Answer

False; in tree thinking, species are organized based on evolutionary relationships.

Question 10

In a phylogenetic tree, what does a node represent?

Accepted Answer

A common ancestor shared by descendant lineages.

Question 11

Based on the phylogenetic tree of big cats (see image), which two species are most closely related?

Accepted Answer

Leopard and Lion

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct result of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation

Question 13

If a population of birds evolves longer beaks over several generations due to a change in available food sources, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Evolution by natural selection

Question 14

Which of the following best describes 'fitness' in an evolutionary context?

Accepted Answer

The likelihood that an individual contributes offspring to the next generation.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is FALSE based on a simplified phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

The most recent common ancestor between the apple and the orange is also the most recent common ancestor of the apple and the California poppy.

Question 16

Which of the following is more closely related to the pear, based on a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

Cucumber

Question 17

Why is it important to use population thinking rather than typological thinking in modern biology?

Accepted Answer

Because population thinking considers the diversity and variation within species.

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates tree-based thinking?

Accepted Answer

Species can change over time and share common ancestry.

Study Guide: Introduction to Evolution and Natural Selection

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드