Question 1

Refer to the first image. What is the best description of the structures indicated by the arrows?

Accepted Answer

They are sister chromatids, which are identical copies of a duplicated chromosome joined together.

Question 2

Based on the second image, which sequence correctly describes the process depicted?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome duplication, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 3

The third image is a diagram of the cell cycle. Which phase occupies the largest portion of the cycle?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 4

In the fourth image, what is the function of the yellow structures near the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

They are centrosomes, organizing microtubules for spindle formation.

Question 5

The fifth image shows a cell in early mitosis. What is the main event occurring in this stage?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are condensing and the mitotic spindle is forming.

Question 6

Which mitotic phase is depicted in the sixth image, and what is its defining feature?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase; spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.

Question 7

The seventh image shows chromosomes aligned in the center of the cell. What is this stage called, and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase; ensures each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Question 8

In the eighth image, what is the main event occurring, and what is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are separating and moving to opposite poles due to shortening of kinetochore microtubules.

Question 9

The ninth image shows two cells after division. What process does this illustrate, and what structure is responsible for the division in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis; cleavage furrow formed by actin and myosin

Question 10

Refer to the tenth image. What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle, as depicted in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate target proteins to regulate cell cycle progression.

Question 11

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 12

A scientist observes a cell with condensed chromosomes, a disintegrating nuclear envelope, and spindle fibers forming. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 13

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will enter the G0 phase and stop dividing.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetochore and nonkinetochore microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore microtubules attach to chromosomes and pull them apart; nonkinetochore microtubules push against each other to elongate the cell.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the change in DNA content during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA_{final} = 2 	imes DNA_{initial}$$

Question 16

A patient is treated with a drug that prevents microtubule depolymerization. What is the most likely effect on mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids will not separate during anaphase.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis in animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow; plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of MPF (Maturation Promoting Factor) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

MPF triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into M phase.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have lost both density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may become cancerous and divide uncontrollably.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The origin of replication is duplicated and the cell divides in half.

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis (8/16/26)

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