Q: A population of 100 diploid individuals has two alleles at a locus: A and a. If 36 individuals are AA, 48 are Aa, and 16 are aa, what is the frequency of the a allele?

$$q = \frac{(2 \times 16) + 48}{2 \times 100} = 0.4$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes microevolution?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies in a population over generations

Question 2

Which of the following is a source of genetic variation that contributes to evolution?

Accepted Answer

Mutations and sexual reproduction

Question 3

A population of flowers has two alleles for color: R (red) and r (white). If the frequency of R is $$p = 0.7$$ and the frequency of r is $$q = 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous individuals under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 0.42$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 5

A population of 100 diploid individuals has two alleles at a locus: A and a. If 36 individuals are AA, 48 are Aa, and 16 are aa, what is the frequency of the a allele?

Accepted Answer

$$q = \frac{(2 	imes 16) + 48}{2 	imes 100} = 0.4$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why most point mutations are harmless?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant, so some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence

Question 7

Which evolutionary mechanism is the only one that consistently leads to adaptive evolution?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 8

A population of birds is split by a natural disaster, and only a few survive to form a new population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The bottleneck effect

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of balancing selection?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygote advantage in sickle-cell anemia

Question 10

Which of the following statements about gene flow is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow can increase or decrease the fitness of a population depending on the alleles introduced

Question 11

Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 12

In a population, the occurrence of a rare disease is 1 in 10,000 births. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the recessive allele causing the disease?

Accepted Answer

$$q = \sqrt{0.0001} = 0.01$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a reason why natural selection cannot produce perfect organisms?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is limited by historical constraints

Question 14

Which of the following best describes frequency-dependent selection?

Accepted Answer

The fitness of a phenotype declines if it becomes too common in the population

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of intersexual selection?

Accepted Answer

Female birds choosing mates based on bright plumage

Question 16

Which of the following mechanisms helps maintain genetic variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Diploidy, which preserves hidden recessive alleles

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct application of the Hardy-Weinberg equation $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the frequency of heterozygotes as $$2pq$$

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal mutation that increases genome size and may lead to new functions?

Accepted Answer

Duplication

Question 19

Which of the following is true about neutral variation?

Accepted Answer

It is genetic variation that appears to confer no selective advantage or disadvantage

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A few individuals become isolated from a larger population and establish a new population with a different allele frequency

The Evolution of Populations: Mechanisms and Patterns

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드