Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following experiments provided the first direct evidence that DNA is the genetic material in cells?

Accepted Answer

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's demonstration that DNA is the transforming agent

Question 2

In the Hershey and Chase experiment, which radioactive label was found inside the bacterial cells after infection with bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

$$^{32}\mathrm{P} ($$phosphorus), which labels DNA

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function that genetic material must perform?

Accepted Answer

Protein folding

Question 5

A mutation in a gene results in a bread mold (Neurospora crassa) that cannot grow on minimal medium but grows when arginine is added. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The gene encodes an enzyme required for arginine synthesis

Question 6

Which statement about the structure of a eukaryotic gene is correct?

Accepted Answer

It includes regulatory regions, exons, and introns

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why some viruses use RNA as their genetic material?

Accepted Answer

RNA can serve as both genetic material and as a template for protein synthesis

Question 8

What was the key finding of Griffith's experiment with rough (R) and smooth (S) strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

Heat-killed S cells could transform R cells into virulent S cells

Question 9

Which of the following is the modern definition of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A region of DNA that encodes for at least one transcript and/or at least one polypeptide

Question 10

Which process is responsible for generating alternative alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Hershey and Chase experiment?

Accepted Answer

DNA, not protein, is the genetic material that enters the bacterial cell

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic genes contain introns, while prokaryotic genes do not

Question 13

Which experiment demonstrated that RNA can serve as genetic material in some viruses?

Accepted Answer

Fraenkel-Conrat's work with Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical eukaryotic gene?

Accepted Answer

Capsid proteins

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the 'one gene-one polypeptide' hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Each gene encodes a single polypeptide chain

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Production of a phenotype

Question 17

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene generated by mutation

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the noncoding regions of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of transcription and translation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the concept of the gene has changed over time?

Accepted Answer

New discoveries have shown that genes can encode multiple transcripts and regulatory elements

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of gene expression affecting phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in a gene causes a change in flower color

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Central Dogma and the Concept of the Gene

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