Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why carbon is considered the backbone of life’s molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form up to four covalent bonds and a diversity of stable structures.

Question 2

Which of the following functional groups is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 3

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ can be classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 4

Which process is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is a byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; water is released

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 7

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the six most common elements found in living organisms (PCHONS)?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 8

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids store genetic information and are made of nucleotides.

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a single amino acid substitution in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why oil and vinegar separate when mixed?

Accepted Answer

Oil is nonpolar and hydrophobic, while vinegar is polar and hydrophilic.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Starch – energy storage in plants

Question 12

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers to form polymers by removing water.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an isomer pair?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol and three fatty acids joined by dehydration reactions

Question 15

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA contain the sugar deoxyribose.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals, including humans?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains beta-glycosidic bonds that most animals lack enzymes to break.

Question 17

A scientist is studying a molecule that contains only carbon and hydrogen. Which term best describes this molecule?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocarbon

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

A cooked egg white turns solid due to the unfolding of albumin proteins.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the bonding between the two strands of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Glucose + glucose $$\rightarrow$$ maltose + $$H_2O$$

The Molecules of Life: Biochemistry and Biological Macromolecules

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