Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the template strand during transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is the DNA strand that is directly used by RNA polymerase to synthesize RNA, with complementary base pairing.

Question 2

During the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes, which sequence is crucial for the formation of the transcription initiation complex?

Accepted Answer

The TATA box

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 4

What is the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 5

Which of the following modifications occurs at the 5' end of a eukaryotic pre-mRNA during RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a methylated guanine cap

Question 6

What is the function of the poly-A tail added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It increases mRNA stability and assists in export from the nucleus.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

Removal of introns and joining together of exons

Question 8

Which molecular complex is responsible for catalyzing the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Spliceosome

Question 9

Alternative splicing allows for which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A single gene can encode multiple polypeptides.

Question 10

Which sequence signals the termination of transcription in eukaryotic cells by RNA polymerase II?

Accepted Answer

AAUAAA polyadenylation signal

Question 11

A mutation in the gene encoding a spliceosome component would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Improper removal of introns from pre-mRNA

Question 12

Which of the following statements about untranslated regions (UTRs) in mature mRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

UTRs are important for controlling translation and mRNA stability.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic mRNA must be processed before translation?

Accepted Answer

To protect the mRNA from degradation and ensure proper translation

Question 14

If a eukaryotic cell lacked the enzyme poly(A) polymerase, what would be the most immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

mRNA would be rapidly degraded in the cytoplasm

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of transcription and the template strand?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase reads the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction and synthesizes RNA in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of alternative RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

It increases protein diversity without increasing the number of genes.

Question 17

A researcher finds a eukaryotic mRNA molecule with a very short poly-A tail. What is the most likely fate of this mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It will be degraded quickly in the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Signaling the end of transcription

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

They provide the catalytic activity for splicing.

Question 20

A mutation that disrupts the polyadenylation signal sequence (AAUAAA) in a gene would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Failure to properly terminate transcription and add a poly-A tail

Bio 100 LEC Chapter 17 Module 2-3

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제