19. Chemical Thermodynamics

An ideal gas is allowed to expand at constant temperature. What are the signs of ∆H, ∆S & ∆G.

Consider the freezing of liquid water at 30^°C. For this process what are the signs for ∆H, ∆S, and ∆G?

Predict the sign of ∆S in the system for each of the following processes:

a) Ag⁺ (aq) + Br ^- (aq) → AgBr (s)

b) CI₂ (g) → 2 CI ^- (g)

c) CaCO₃ (s) → CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)

d) Pb (s) at 50^°C → Pb (s) at 70^°C

For each of the following reactions state the signs of ∆H (enthalpy) and ∆S (entropy):

a) Fusion of ice.

b) Sublimation of CO₂

c) Vaporization of aqueous water.

d) Deposition of chlorine gas.

e) Condensation of water vapor.