Question 1

Which of the following elements is NOT considered a macronutrient essential for the growth of most micro-organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca)

Question 2

A microbiologist wants to culture a bacterium that requires blood for optimal growth. Which type of medium should be used?

Accepted Answer

Verrijkt medium

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of a buffer in a microbial growth medium?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the optimal pH for growth

Question 4

A bacterium is grown in a medium containing glucose as the main carbon source. After 24 hours, the pH of the medium drops significantly. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium is producing acids from glucose metabolism

Question 5

Which formula correctly describes the exponential growth of a bacterial population?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Question 6

A culture starts with $$1 	imes 10^3$ cells. After 4 generations, how many cells will there be, assuming no cell death?

Accepted Answer

$$1.6 	imes 10^4$

Question 7

Which of the following is a selective agent commonly used to isolate Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Bile salts

Question 8

What is the main reason why agar is used in solid media for culturing micro-organisms?

Accepted Answer

It solidifies the medium and is not metabolized by most micro-organisms

Question 9

A bacterium has a generation time ($$T_g) of 30 $$minutes. What is the growth rate constant ($$\mu) in$$ $$	ext{h}^{-1}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu = 1.39 \ 	ext{h}^{-1}$$

Question 10

Which temperature class does a micro-organism with an optimal growth temperature of 37°C belong to?

Accepted Answer

Mesofiel

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the stationary phase of a bacterial growth curve is correct?

Accepted Answer

The rate of cell division equals the rate of cell death

Question 12

A microbiologist wants to sterilize a heat-sensitive vitamin solution. Which method is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Filtration through a 0.2 μm filter

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)?

Accepted Answer

The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits visible growth

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about pasteurization?

Accepted Answer

It kills vegetative cells but not spores

Question 15

A culture medium contains a pH indicator that turns yellow at pH  7.6. After incubation, the medium turns yellow. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The bacteria produced acidic compounds

Question 16

Which of the following is the best definition of 'decimale reductietijd' (decimal reduction time)?

Accepted Answer

The time required to reduce the microbial population by 90% at a specific temperature

Question 17

Which of the following micro-organisms would most likely grow in a high-salt environment such as salted fish?

Accepted Answer

Halofielen

Question 18

A laboratory is testing the effectiveness of a new disinfectant. Which test is most appropriate for determining its bactericidal activity according to European standards?

Accepted Answer

5-5-5 test (Europese suspensie test)

Question 19

Which of the following statements about sterilization and disinfection is correct?

Accepted Answer

Sterilization kills all micro-organisms and their spores

Question 20

A bacterial culture is exposed to UV light. What is the primary mechanism by which UV light kills bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Absorption by DNA causing mutations and breaks

Kweken, Groei en Afdoding van Micro-organismen: Chemische en Fysisch-Chemische Principes

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