Describe how you would prepare each of the following aqueous solutions: (c) 1.20 L of a solution that is 15.0% Pb(NO₃)₂ by mass (the density of the solution is 1.16 g/mL), starting with solid solute;

검증된 단계별 안내

Calculate the total mass of the solution using the volume and density. Use the formula: \( \text{mass} = \text{volume} \times \text{density} \). Convert the volume from liters to milliliters first, since the density is given in g/mL.

Determine the mass of Pb(NO3)2 required for the solution. Since the solution is 15.0% Pb(NO3)2 by mass, use the formula: \( \text{mass of Pb(NO3)}_2 = \text{total mass of solution} \times 0.15 \).

Weigh out the calculated mass of solid Pb(NO3)2 using a balance.

Calculate the mass of water needed to make the solution. Subtract the mass of Pb(NO3)2 from the total mass of the solution to find the mass of water.

Dissolve the weighed Pb(NO3)2 in the calculated mass of water. Stir the mixture until the solute is completely dissolved, ensuring the solution is homogeneous.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Mass Percent Concentration

Mass percent concentration is a way to express the concentration of a solute in a solution, calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100. In this case, a 15.0% mass concentration of Pb(NO3)2 means that there are 15 grams of lead(II) nitrate for every 100 grams of the solution.

Density and Volume Relationship

Density is defined as mass per unit volume and is crucial for converting between mass and volume in solution preparation. Given the density of the solution (1.16 g/mL), you can calculate the total mass of the solution by multiplying the volume (1.20 L or 1200 mL) by the density, which helps in determining how much solute is needed.

Stoichiometry in Solution Preparation

Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions, and it is essential for preparing solutions. In this context, once the mass of Pb(NO3)2 needed is determined, stoichiometric principles can be applied to ensure the correct amount of solid solute is measured and dissolved in the appropriate volume of solvent to achieve the desired concentration.

Describe how you would prepare each of the following aqueous solutions: (c) 1.20 L of a solution that is 15.0% Pb(NO3)2 by mass (the density of the solution is 1.16 g/mL), starting with solid solute;