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Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Brown 14th EditionCh.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics문제 36
19장, 문제 36

Does the entropy of the system increase, decrease, or stay the same when (a) the temperature of the system increases, (b) the volume of a gas increases, and (c) equal volumes of ethanol and water are mixed to form a solution?

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Step 1: Understand the concept of entropy. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. In general, processes that increase disorder increase entropy, while those that decrease disorder decrease entropy.
Step 2: Analyze scenario (a) - the temperature of the system increases. When temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, leading to greater molecular motion and disorder. Therefore, the entropy of the system is likely to increase.
Step 3: Analyze scenario (b) - the volume of a gas increases. When the volume of a gas increases, the gas molecules have more space to move around, which increases the disorder of the system. Thus, the entropy of the system is likely to increase.
Step 4: Analyze scenario (c) - equal volumes of ethanol and water are mixed to form a solution. Mixing two substances generally increases disorder because the molecules of each substance are distributed more randomly throughout the solution. Therefore, the entropy of the system is likely to increase.
Step 5: Summarize the findings. In all three scenarios, the entropy of the system increases due to increased disorder: (a) increased temperature leads to more molecular motion, (b) increased volume allows more space for gas molecules, and (c) mixing substances results in a more random distribution of molecules.

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Entropy

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. It quantifies the number of ways a system can be arranged, with higher entropy indicating greater disorder. In thermodynamics, processes that increase the number of accessible microstates typically lead to an increase in entropy, while processes that restrict arrangements lead to a decrease.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:46
Entropy in Thermodynamics

Effect of Temperature on Entropy

Increasing the temperature of a system generally increases its entropy. This is because higher temperatures provide more energy to the particles, allowing them to move more freely and occupy a greater number of microstates. As a result, the overall disorder of the system increases, leading to higher entropy.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:35
Entropy and Physical Changes

Mixing of Substances

When two substances, such as ethanol and water, are mixed, the entropy of the resulting solution typically increases. This is due to the increased disorder that arises from the interaction and distribution of the molecules in the mixture. The mixing process allows for a greater number of possible arrangements of the molecules, thus enhancing the overall entropy of the system.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
03:10
Scientific Notation Mixed Operations
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교과서 질문

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) Unlike enthalpy, where we can only ever know changes in H, we can know absolute values of S. (b) If you heat a gas such as CO2, you will increase its degrees of translational, rotational and vibrational motions. (c) CO2(g) and Ar(g) have nearly the same molar mass. At a given temperature, they will have the same number of microstates.

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교과서 질문

(b) How does the entropy of the system change in the processes described in Exercise 19.12?

교과서 질문

(a) In a chemical reaction, two gases combine to form a solid. What do you expect for the sign of ΔS?

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