The indicator methyl orange has been added to both of the following solutions. Based on the colors, classify each statement as true or false: (a) The pH of solution A is definitely less than 7.00. (b) The pH of solution B is definitely greater than 7.00. (c) The pH of solution B is greater than that of solution A.

The probe of the pH meter shown here is sitting in a beaker that contains a clear liquid. You are told the liquid is pure water, a solution of HCl(aq), or a solution of KOH(aq). (b) If the liquid is one of the solutions, what is its molarity?

The probe of the pH meter shown here is sitting in a beaker that contains a clear liquid. (c) Why is the temperature given on the pH meter?

The following diagrams represent aqueous solutions of three acids, HX, HY, and HZ. The water molecules have been omitted for clarity, and the hydrated proton is represented as H+ rather than H3O+. (a) Which of the acids is a strong acid? Explain.

The following diagrams represent aqueous solutions of three acids, HX, HY, and HZ. The water molecules have been omitted for clarity, and the hydrated proton is represented as H+ rather than H3O+.(b) Which acid would have the smallest aciddissociation constant, Ka?

The following diagrams represent aqueous solutions of three acids, HX, HY, and HZ. The water molecules have been omitted for clarity, and the hydrated proton is represented as H+ rather than H3O+.(c) Which solution would have the highest pH?

Each of the three molecules shown here contains an OH group, but one molecule acts as a base, one as an acid, and the third is neither acid nor base. (c) Which one is neither acidic nor basic?

Phenylephrine, an organic substance with molecular formula C9H13NO2, is used as a nasal decongenstant in over-thecounter medications. The molecular structure of phenylephrine is shown below using the usual shortcut organic structure. (a) Would you expect a solution of phenylephrine to be acidic, neutral, or basic?

Phenylephrine, an organic substance with molecular formula C9H13NO2, is used as a nasal decongenstant in over-thecounter medications. The molecular structure of phenylephrine is shown below using the usual shortcut organic structure. (c) Would you expect a solution of phenylephrine hydrochloride to be acidic, neutral, or basic?

Consider the molecular models shown here, where X represents a halogen atom. (a) If X is the same atom in both molecules, which molecule will be more acidic?

Consider the molecular models shown here, where X represents a halogen atom. (b) Does the acidity of each molecule increase or decrease as the electronegativity of the atom X increases?

NH31g2 and HCl(g) react to form the ionic solid NH4Cl1s2. Which substance is the Brønsted–Lowry acid in this reaction? Which is the Brønsted–Lowry base?

Which of the following statements is false? (a) An Arrhenius base increases the concentration of OH- in water. (b) A Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor. (c) Water can act as a Brønsted–Lowry acid. (d) Water can act as a Brønsted–Lowry base. (e) Any compound that contains an –OH group acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base.

Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base among the reactants in each of the following reactions:

(a) Fe(ClO₄)₃(s) + 6 H₂O(l) ⇌ [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺(aq) + 3 ClO₄^-(aq)

(b) CN^-(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ HCN(aq) + OH^-(aq)

(c) (CH₃)₃N(g) + BF₃(g) ⇌ (CH₃)NBF₃(s)

(d) HIO(lq) + NH₂^-(lq) ⇌ NH₃(lq) + IO^-(lq) (lq denotes liquid ammonia as solvent)

Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in each of the following reactions:

(a) HNO₂(aq) + OH^-(aq) ⇌ NO₂^-(aq) + H₂O(l)

(b) FeBr₃(s) + Br^-(aq) ⇌ FeBr₄^-(aq)

(c) Zn²⁺(aq) + 4 NH₃(aq) ⇌ Zn(NH₃)₄²⁺(aq)

(d) SO₂(g) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₂SO₃(aq)

Give the conjugate base of the following Brønsted–Lowry acids: (i) HIO3, (ii) NH4+.

Give the conjugate acid of the following Brønsted–Lowry bases: (i) SO42-, (ii) CH3NH2.

Give the conjugate base of the following Brønsted–Lowry acids: (i) HCOOH, (ii) HPO42-.

Identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid and the Brønsted–Lowry base on the left side of each of the following equations, and also identify the conjugate acid and conjugate base of each on the right side:

(a) NH₄⁺(aq) + CN^-(aq) ⇌ HCN(aq) + NH₃(aq)

(b) (CH₃)₃N(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ (CH₃)₃NH⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq)

(c) HCOOH(aq) + PO₄^3-(aq) ⇌ HCOO^-(aq)+ HPO₄^2-(aq)

Identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid and the Brønsted– Lowry base on the left side of each equation, and also identify the conjugate acid and conjugate base of each on the right side.

(a) HBrO(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + BrO^-(aq)

(b) HSO₄^-(aq) + HCO₃^-(aq) ⇌ SO₄^2-(aq) + H₂CO₃(aq)

(c) HSO₃^-(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) ⇌ H₂SO₃(aq) + H₂O(l)

The hydrogen sulfite ion 1HSO3-2 is amphiprotic. Write a balanced chemical equation showing how it acts as an acid toward water and another equation showing how it acts as a base toward water.

What is the conjugate acid of HSO3-? What is its conjugate base?

Write an equation for the reaction in which H2C6H7O5-1aq2 acts as a base in H2O1l2.

Write an equation for the reaction in which H2C6H7O5-1aq2 acts as an acid in H2O1l2.

Label each of the following as being a strong base, a weak base, or a species with negligible basicity. In each case write the formula of its conjugate acid, and indicate whether the conjugate acid is a strong acid, a weak acid, or a species with negligible acidity: (a) CH3COO-

Label each of the following as being a strong base, a weak base, or a species with negligible basicity. In each case write the formula of its conjugate acid, and indicate whether the conjugate acid is a strong acid, a weak acid, or a species with negligible acidity: (b) HCO3-

Label each of the following as being a strong base, a weak base, or a species with negligible basicity. In each case write the formula of its conjugate acid, and indicate whether the conjugate acid is a strong acid, a weak acid, or a species with negligible acidity: (c) O2-

Label each of the following as being a strong base, a weak base, or a species with negligible basicity. In each case write the formula of its conjugate acid, and indicate whether the conjugate acid is a strong acid, a weak acid, or a species with negligible acidity: (d) Cl-

Label each of the following as being a strong base, a weak base, or a species with negligible basicity. In each case write the formula of its conjugate acid, and indicate whether the conjugate acid is a strong acid, a weak acid, or a species with negligible acidity: (e) NH3.