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문제 42a,b
Because the oxide ion is basic, metal oxides react readily with acids. (a) Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction: FeO(s) + 2 HClO4(aq) → Fe(ClO4)2(aq) + H2O(l) (b) Based on the equation in part (a), write the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs between NiO(s) and an aqueous solution of nitric acid.
- As K2O dissolves in water, the oxide ion reacts with water molecules to form hydroxide ions. (a) Write the molecular and net ionic equations for this reaction. (b) Based on the definitions of acid and base, what ion is the base in this reaction? (c) What is the acid in the reaction? (d) What is the spectator ion in the reaction?
문제 44
문제 45a
True or false: a. If a substance is oxidized, it is gaining electrons.
문제 47b
(a) Which region of the periodic table shown here contains elements that are easiest to oxidize? (b) Which region contains the least readily oxidized elements?
문제 48a,b,c
Determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following substances: (a) barium sulfate, BaSO4 (b) sulfurous acid, H2SO3 (c) strontium sulfide, SrS
문제 48d
Determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following substances: (d) hydrogen sulfide, H2S
문제 48e
Determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following substances: (e) Locate sulfur in the periodic table in Exercise 4.47; what region is it in?
문제 48f
Determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following substances: (f) Which region(s) of the periodic table contains elements that can adopt both positive and negative oxidation numbers?
문제 49a
Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: a. S in SO2
문제 49c
Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: c. Mn in KMnO4,
문제 49d
Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: d. Br in HBrO
문제 50e
Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: e. Cl in HClO2
문제 50f
Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: f. Cr in BaCrO4.
문제 51a
Which element is oxidized, and which is reduced in the following reactions? (a) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)
문제 51b
Which element is oxidized, and which is reduced in the following reactions? (b) 3 Fe(NO3)2(aq) + 2 Al(s) → 3 Fe(s) + 2 Al(NO3)3(aq)
문제 51c,d
Which element is oxidized, and which is reduced in the following reactions? (c) Cl2(aq) + 2 NaI(aq) → I2(aq) + 2 NaCl(aq) (d) PbS(s) + 4 H2O2(aq) → PbSO4(s) + 4 H2O(l)
문제 52
Which of the following are redox reactions? For those that are, indicate which element is oxidized and which is reduced. For those that are not, indicate whether they are precipitation or neutralization reactions. (a) P4(s) + 10 HClO(aq) + 6 H2O(l) → 4 H3PO4(aq) + 10 HCl(aq) (b) Br2(l) + 2 K(s)→ 2 KBr(s) (c) CH3CH2OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 3 H2O(l) + 2 CO2(g) (d) ZnCl2(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Zn(OH)2(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
문제 53b
Write balanced net ionic equations for the reactions of b. aluminum with formic acid, HCOOH. Hint: These reactions produce a gas.
문제 54b
Write balanced molecular and net ionic equations for the reactions of (b) dilute sulfuric acid with iron Hint: These reactions produce a gas.
문제 55a,b
Using the activity series (Table 4.5), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (a) Iron metal is added to a solution of copper(II) nitrate (b) zinc metal is added to a solution of magnesium sulfate
문제 55c
Using the activity series (Table 4.5), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (c) hydrobromic acid is added to tin metal
문제 55d
Using the activity series (Table 4.5), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (d) hydrogen gas is bubbled through an aqueous solution of nickel(II) chloride
문제 55e
Using the activity series (Table 4.5), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (e) aluminum metal is added to a solution of cobalt(II) sulfate.
문제 56a
Using the activity series (Table 4.5), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (a) Nickel metal is added to a solution of copper(II) nitrate
문제 56b,c
Using the activity series (Table 4.5), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (b) a solution of zinc nitrate is added to a solution of magnesium sulfate (c) hydrochloric acid is added to gold metal
문제 56d
Using the activity series (Table 4.5), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (d) chromium metal is immersed in an aqueous solution of cobalt(II) chloride
문제 56e
Using the activity series (Table 4.5), write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. If no reaction occurs, write NR. (e) hydrogen gas is bubbled through a solution of silver nitrate.
문제 57b
The metal cadmium tends to form Cd2+ ions. The following observations are made: (i) When a strip of zinc metal is placed in CdCl2(aq), cadmium metal is deposited on the strip. (ii) When a strip of cadmium metal is placed in Ni(NO3)(aq), nickel metal is deposited on the strip. b. Is cadmium above or below zinc in the activity series?
문제 58a
The following reactions (note that the arrows are pointing only one direction) can be used to prepare an activity series for the halogens:
Br2(aq) + 2 NaI(aq) → 2 NaBr(aq) + I2(aq)
Cl2(aq) + 2 NaBr(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq)
(a) Which elemental halogen would you predict is the most stable, upon mixing with other halides?
문제 59a
(a) Is the number of moles of ions present in a solution an intensive or an extensive property?