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문제 28a2
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. ii.
문제 28a3
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. iii.
문제 28a1
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. i.
문제 28c
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (c) Which of the following elements will lead to an AF4 molecule with the shape in (iii): Be, C, S, Se, Si, Xe? i.
ii.
iii.
문제 29a
Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (a)
문제 29c
Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (c)
문제 30a
Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (a)
문제 30d
Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (d)
문제 31
Ammonia, NH3, reacts with incredibly strong bases to produce the amide ion, NH2-. Ammonia can also react with acids to produce the ammonium ion, NH4+. (a) Which species (amide ion, ammonia, or ammonium ion) has the largest H¬N¬H bond angle? (b) Which species has the smallest H¬N¬H bond angle?
- In which of the following AFn molecules or ions is there more than one F-A-F bond angle: PF6⁻, SbF5, SF4?
문제 32
문제 33a
Consider the following XF4 ions: PF4-, BrF4-, ClF4+, and AlF4-. (a) Which of the ions have more than an octet of electrons around the central atom?
문제 33c
Consider the following XF4 ions: PF4-, BrF4-, ClF4+, and AlF4-. (c) Which of the ions will have an octahedral electron-domain geometry?
- Name the proper three-dimensional molecular shapes for each of the following molecules or ions, showing lone pairs as needed: (a) ClO2- (b) SO4 2- (c) NF3 (d) CCl2Br2 (e) SF4 2+
문제 34
문제 35
Which of the following statements are true?
i. The overall dipole moment of a molecule is the vector sum of its individual bond dipoles.
ii. If atoms A and B in an AB𝑛 molecule have different electronegativities, then the AB𝑛 molecule must have a nonzero dipole moment.
iii. The bond dipoles in a tetrahedral AB4 molecule cancel one another.
- Consider a molecule with the formula AX2. Supposing the A-X bond is polar, how would you expect the dipole moment of the AX2 molecule to change as the X-A-X bond angle decreases from 180° to 100°?
문제 36
문제 37a
a. Does SCl2 have a nonzero dipole moment?
문제 38b
(b) It turns out that ozone, O3, has a small dipole moment. How is this possible, given that all the atoms are the same?
문제 39c
(c) Does the molecule BF2Cl have a dipole moment?
문제 40a
a. Consider the AF3 molecules in Exercise 9.27. Which of these will have a nonzero dipole moment?
문제 41
Predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar: (a) IF, (b) CS2, (c) SO3, (d) PCl3, (e) SF6, (f) IF5.
문제 42
Predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar: (a) CCl4, (b) NH3, (c) SF4, (d) XeF4, (e) CH3Br, (f) GaH3.
문제 43b
Dichloroethylene (C2H2Cl2) has three forms (isomers), each of which is a different substance. (b) Which of these isomers has a zero dipole moment?
문제 43c
Dichloroethylene (C2H2Cl2) has three forms (isomers), each of which is a different substance. (c) How many isomeric forms can chloroethylene, C2H3Cl, have? Would they be expected to have dipole moments?
문제 44
Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2, exists in three forms (isomers) called ortho, meta, and para:
Which of these has a nonzero dipole moment?
문제 46a
Draw sketches illustrating the overlap between the following orbitals on two atoms: (a) the 2s orbital on each atom
문제 46b,c
Draw sketches illustrating the overlap between the following orbitals on two atoms: (b) the 2pz orbital on each atom (assume both atoms are on the z-axis) (c) the 2s orbital on one atom and the 2pz orbital on the other atom.
문제 47d
For each statement, indicate whether it is true or false. (d) Nonbonding electron pairs cannot occupy a hybrid orbital.
문제 49c
Consider the molecule BF3. (c) What hybrid orbitals should be constructed on the B atom to make the B–F bonds in BF3?
문제 50c
Consider the SCl2 molecule. (c) What hybrid orbitals should be constructed on the S atom to make the S-Cl bonds in SCl2?
문제 50d
Consider the SCl2 molecule.(d) What valence orbitals, if any, remain unhybridized on the S atom in SCl2?