Assume that you have a sample of gas at 350 K in a sealed container, as represented in (a). Which of the drawings (b)–(d) represents the gas after the temperature is lowered from 350 K to 150 K? The boiling point of the gas is 90 K.

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the initial state of the gas: The gas is at 350 K, which is above its boiling point of 90 K, so it is in the gaseous phase.

Understand the effect of temperature change: Lowering the temperature from 350 K to 150 K will still keep the gas above its boiling point, so it will remain in the gaseous phase.

Analyze the drawings (b)–(d): Look for the drawing that represents gas particles in a container at a lower temperature but still in the gaseous phase.

Compare the density of particles: The drawing that shows gas particles more closely packed than at 350 K but still dispersed throughout the container represents the gas at 150 K.

Select the correct drawing: Choose the drawing that matches the description of gas particles at 150 K, which should show a similar distribution to the initial state but potentially slightly denser due to the lower temperature.

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주요 개념

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Kinetic Molecular Theory

The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in constant motion. It posits that gas particles are far apart, move freely, and collide elastically. As temperature decreases, the average kinetic energy of the particles also decreases, leading to slower movement and potential phase changes.

Phase Changes

Phase changes refer to the transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states of matter. When a gas is cooled, it may condense into a liquid if the temperature drops below its boiling point. In this scenario, lowering the temperature from 350 K to 150 K, which is above the boiling point of 90 K, suggests that the gas may condense into a liquid state.

Boiling Point

The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance transitions from a liquid to a gas. For the gas in this question, the boiling point is 90 K. Since the initial temperature is 350 K and the final temperature is 150 K, the gas will remain in the gaseous state until it reaches the boiling point, after which it may condense into a liquid.