In a population of flowers growing in a meadow, C₁ and C₂ are autosomal codominant alleles that control flower color. The alleles are polymorphic in the population, with f (C₁) = 0.80 and f (C₂) = 0.20. Flowers that are C₁C₁ are yellow, orange flowers are C₁C₂, and C₂C₂ flowers are red. A storm blows a new species of hungry insects into the meadow, and they begin to eat yellow and orange flowers but not red flowers. The predation exerts strong natural selection on the flower population, resulting in relative fitness values of C₁C₁ = 0.30, C₁C₂ = 0.60, and C₂C₂ = 1.0.
Assuming random mating takes place among survivors, what are the genotype frequencies in the second generation?

Assume that the flower population described in the previous problem undergoes a different pattern of predation. Flower-color determination and the starting frequencies of C₁ and C₂ are as described above, but the new insects attack yellow and red flowers, not orange flowers. As a result of the predation pattern, the relative fitness values are C₁C₁ = 0.40, C₁C₂ = 1.0, and C₂C₂ = 0.80.

What are the allele frequencies after one generation of natural selection?

In the mouse, Mus musculus, survival in agricultural fields that are regularly sprayed with a herbicide is determined by the genotype for a detoxification enzyme encoded by a gene with two alleles, F and S. The relative fitness values for the genotypes are

Why will this pattern of natural selection result in a stable equilibrium of frequencies of F and S?

In the mouse, Mus musculus, survival in agricultural fields that are regularly sprayed with a herbicide is determined by the genotype for a detoxification enzyme encoded by a gene with two alleles, F and S. The relative fitness values for the genotypes are

Calculate the equilibrium frequencies of the alleles.

In a population of flowers growing in a meadow, C₁ and C₂ are autosomal codominant alleles that control flower color. The alleles are polymorphic in the population, with f (C₁) = 0.80 and f (C₂) = 0.20. Flowers that are C₁C₁ are yellow, orange flowers are C₁C₂, and C₂C₂ flowers are red. A storm blows a new species of hungry insects into the meadow, and they begin to eat yellow and orange flowers but not red flowers. The predation exerts strong natural selection on the flower population, resulting in relative fitness values of C₁C₁ = 0.30, C₁C₂ = 0.60, and C₂C₂ = 1.0.

If predation continues, what are the allele frequencies when the second generation mates?

In a population of flowers growing in a meadow, C₁ and C₂ are autosomal codominant alleles that control flower color. The alleles are polymorphic in the population, with f(C₁) = 0.80 and f(C₂) = 0.20. Flowers that are C₁C₁ are yellow, orange flowers are C₁C₂, and C₂C₂ flowers are red. A storm blows a new species of hungry insects into the meadow, and they begin to eat yellow and orange flowers but not red flowers. The predation exerts strong natural selection on the flower population, resulting in relative fitness values of C₁C₁ = 0.30, C₁C₂ = 0.60, and C₂C₂ = 1.0.

Assuming the population begins in H-W equilibrium, what are the allele frequencies after one generation of natural selection?

In a population of flowers growing in a meadow, C₁ and C₂ are autosomal codominant alleles that control flower color. The alleles are polymorphic in the population, with f (C₁) = 0.80 and f (C₂) = 0.20. Flowers that are C₁C₁ are yellow, orange flowers are C₁C₂, and C₂C₂ flowers are red. A storm blows a new species of hungry insects into the meadow, and they begin to eat yellow and orange flowers but not red flowers. The predation exerts strong natural selection on the flower population, resulting in relative fitness values of C₁C₁ = 0.30, C₁C₂ = 0.60, and C₂C₂ = 1.0.

What are the equilibrium frequencies of C₁ and C₂ if predation continues?