Q: Write the overall equation for the combined reaction of glucose phosphorylation and ATP hydrolysis, including the net energy change.

$$\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{Glucose\text{-}6\text{-}phosphate} + \mathrm{ADP}; \Delta G = -4.0\ \mathrm{kcal/mol}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, while catabolism is the breakdown of molecules to release energy.

Question 2

Why is ATP considered a high-energy molecule?

Accepted Answer

Because the hydrolysis of its terminal phosphate group releases a large amount of free energy due to relief of electrostatic repulsion and resonance stabilization.

Question 3

Write the overall equation for the combined reaction of glucose phosphorylation and ATP hydrolysis, including the net energy change.

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow \mathrm{Glucose	ext{-}6	ext{-}phosphate} + \mathrm{ADP}; \Delta G = -4.0\ \mathrm{kcal/mol}$$

Question 4

Which vitamin is a precursor for NAD+?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Question 5

During glycolysis, which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase

Question 6

Which step in glycolysis is the first committed and highly regulated step?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Question 7

What determines whether pyruvate is converted to lactate, acetyl-CoA, or ethanol in cells?

Accepted Answer

The presence of oxygen and the type of organism

Question 8

How many turns of the citric acid cycle are required to fully oxidize one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Two turns

Question 9

Which enzyme in the citric acid cycle is inhibited by ATP and NADH?

Accepted Answer

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 10

What is the role of Complex I in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It oxidizes NADH and reduces ubiquinone, pumping protons across the membrane.

Question 11

How much ATP is produced from the oxidation of one molecule of NADH in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

$$2.5$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of one round of β-oxidation of a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

One molecule of NADH, one molecule of FADH2, and one molecule of acetyl-CoA

Question 13

What is the general product of the transamination of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

An α-keto acid

Question 14

Which amino acid is exclusively ketogenic?

Accepted Answer

Lysine

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins into polypeptides in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a triacylglycerol (TAG) and a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A TAG contains three fatty acids and a glycerol backbone, while a phospholipid contains two fatty acids, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group.

Question 17

Which enzyme from glycolysis is also used in gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Enolase

Question 18

What condition in the body would most likely lead to ketosis?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged fasting or uncontrolled diabetes

Question 19

How many ATP molecules can be generated from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$30 to$$ $$32$$

Comprehensive Study Guide for Metabolism and Biochemical Pathways in GOB Chemistry

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