Q: A laboratory technician needs to prepare 500 mL of a 1.0 M NaCl solution from a stock solution of 5.0 M NaCl. What volume of the stock solution should be used?

$$V_1$$ = \frac{$$M_2$$ $$V_2$$}{$$M_1$$} = \frac{1.0 \times 500}{5.0} = 100\ \text{mL}$$

Q: A nurse must dilute a 10.0% (mass/volume) glucose solution to make 100 mL of a 2.0% (mass/volume) glucose solution for a patient. What volume of the original solution should be used?

$$V_1$$ = \frac{$$C_2$$ $$V_2$$}{$$C_1$$} = \frac{2.0 \times 100}{10.0} = 20\ \text{mL}$$

Q: A solution is prepared by diluting 0.180 L of 0.600 M $$HNO_3 to a $$final volume of 0.540 L. What is the final molarity?

$$M_2$$ = \frac{$$M_1$$ $$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} = \frac{0.600 \times 0.180}{0.540} = 0.200\ \text{M}$$

Question 1

A laboratory technician needs to prepare 500 mL of a 1.0 M NaCl solution from a stock solution of 5.0 M NaCl. What volume of the stock solution should be used?

Accepted Answer

$$V_1$$ = \frac{$$M_2$$ $$V_2$$}{$$M_1$$} = \frac{1.0 	imes 500}{5.0} = 100\ 	ext{mL}$$

Question 2

Which of the following best describes what happens to the concentration and amount of solute when a solution is diluted?

Accepted Answer

The concentration decreases, but the amount of solute remains the same.

Question 3

A nurse must dilute a 10.0% (mass/volume) glucose solution to make 100 mL of a 2.0% (mass/volume) glucose solution for a patient. What volume of the original solution should be used?

Accepted Answer

$$V_1$$ = \frac{$$C_2$$ $$V_2$$}{$$C_1$$} = \frac{2.0 	imes 100}{10.0} = 20\ 	ext{mL}$$

Question 4

Which of the following mixtures is an example of a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Mayonnaise

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What type of solution is it in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 6

Which process is used in water purification plants to remove ions and molecules from seawater, and what is the principle behind it?

Accepted Answer

Reverse osmosis; applying pressure greater than the osmotic pressure to force water through a membrane

Question 7

Which of the following statements about osmotic pressure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure increases as the number of dissolved particles increases.

Question 8

A mixture that has solute particles that do not settle out but are too large to pass through a semipermeable membrane is called a:

Accepted Answer

Colloid

Question 9

Which of the following best describes what happens to red blood cells in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

They lose water and shrink (crenation).

Question 10

A solution is prepared by diluting 0.180 L of 0.600 M $$HNO_3 to a $$final volume of 0.540 L. What is the final molarity?

Accepted Answer

$$M_2$$ = \frac{$$M_1$$ $$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} = \frac{0.600 	imes 0.180}{0.540} = 0.200\ 	ext{M}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a property of a true solution?

Accepted Answer

Particles can be filtered out.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Small solute particles and solvent pass through a membrane, but large particles are retained.

Question 13

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is not isotonic with their blood plasma. What could happen if the solution is hypotonic?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells may swell and burst (hemolysis).

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Muddy water

Question 15

Which equation is used to calculate the final concentration after dilution?

Accepted Answer

$$M_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$M_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why colloids cannot be filtered but can be separated by semipermeable membranes?

Accepted Answer

Colloid particles are too small to be filtered but large enough to be retained by membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life application of osmosis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water movement into and out of red blood cells

Question 18

A solution is described as transparent, does not separate, and its particles pass through semipermeable membranes. What type of mixture is this?

Accepted Answer

Solution

Question 19

Which of the following best describes what happens during reverse osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water is forced from a more concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution through a membrane.

Dilution and Properties of Solutions (GOB Chemistry Chapter 9.5–9.6 Study Notes)

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