Draw a skeletal structure for each of the following compounds:
(b)

Skeletal structures are simplified representations of organic molecules that depict the arrangement of atoms without showing all the hydrogen atoms explicitly. In these diagrams, carbon atoms are represented by vertices or ends of lines, while bonds between them are shown as lines. This method allows chemists to visualize complex molecules more easily and focus on functional groups and connectivity.

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino (-NH2), and recognizing them is crucial for understanding the behavior of organic compounds in chemical reactions.

Bonding and hybridization refer to the ways in which atoms combine to form molecules. Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to create new hybrid orbitals that can form sigma and pi bonds. Understanding the types of bonds (single, double, triple) and the hybridization states (sp, sp2, sp3) of carbon is essential for accurately drawing skeletal structures and predicting molecular geometry.