Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following alkanes:
d. 1-bromo-2-chloroethane

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, connected by single bonds. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Understanding alkanes is essential for drawing their structural formulas, as it provides the foundational knowledge of how carbon atoms bond and the resulting molecular structure.

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It typically groups atoms together to indicate how they are connected, making it easier to visualize the structure of complex molecules. For alkanes and their derivatives, this format helps in quickly identifying functional groups and substituents.

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. In the case of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane, the substituents are bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl) atoms attached to the ethane backbone. Recognizing the position and type of substituents is crucial for accurately drawing the condensed structural formula and understanding the compound's reactivity and properties.