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문제 3a
Identify each of the following as catabolic or anabolic:
a. synthesis of lipids from glycerol and fatty acids
문제 3d
Identify each of the following as catabolic or anabolic:
d. digestion of proteins in the stomach
문제 4a
Identify each of the following as catabolic or anabolic:
a. digestion of fats to fatty acids and glycerol
문제 4c
Identify each of the following as catabolic or anabolic:
c. synthesis of nucleic acids from nucleotides
문제 8
What is the purpose of digestion in stage 1?
문제 9
What is the role of bile salts in lipid digestion?
문제 10
How are insoluble triacylglycerols transported to the cells?
문제 11
Where do dietary proteins undergo digestion in the body?
문제 12
What are the end products of the digestion of proteins?
문제 13a
Identify one or more coenzymes with each of the following components:
a. pantothenic acid
문제 15a
Give the abbreviation for each of the following coenzymes:
a. reduced form of NAD+
문제 17
What coenzyme picks up hydrogen when a carbon–carbon double bond is formed?
문제 18.5
Why is ATP considered an energy-rich compound?
문제 21
How is ATP used in the initial steps of glycolysis?
문제 27a
How many ATP or NADH are produced (or required) in each of the following steps in glycolysis?
a. glucose to glucose-6-phosphate
문제 28c
How many ATP or NADH are produced (or required) in each of the following steps in glycolysis?
c. phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
문제 30
What coenzymes are needed for the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
문제 33
How does the formation of lactate permit glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions?
문제 35
What are the products from one turn of the citric acid cycle?
문제 37a
Identify the reaction(s) of the citric acid cycle that involve(s)
a. oxidation and decarboxylation
문제 38c
Identify the reaction(s) of the citric acid cycle that involve(s)
c. hydration
문제 40
What is the total NADH and total FADH2 produced in one turn of the citric acid cycle?
문제 41b
Refer to the diagram of the citric acid cycle in Figure 18.13 to answer each of the following:
b. How is the number of carbon atoms decreased?
문제 41d
Refer to the diagram of the citric acid cycle in Figure 18.13 to answer each of the following:
d. What are the decarboxylation reactions?
문제 42b
Refer to the diagram of the citric acid cycle in Figure 18.13 to answer each of the following:
b. What are the four-carbon compounds?
문제 42d
Refer to the diagram of the citric acid cycle in Figure 18.13 to answer each of the following:
d. In which reactions are secondary alcohols oxidized?
문제 44
What happens to the energy level as electrons are passed along in electron transport?
문제 47
How is NADH oxidized in electron transport?
문제 50
How is the H+ gradient established?
문제 53
How are glycolysis and the citric acid cycle linked to the production of ATP by electron transport?