The vaporization of Br2 from the liquid to the gas state requires 7.4 kcal/mol (31.0 kJ/mol). What is the sign of ∆H for this process? Write a reaction showing heat as a product or reactant.

Enthalpy change (∆H) is a measure of the heat content of a system during a chemical reaction or phase change. It indicates whether a process absorbs heat (endothermic, ∆H > 0) or releases heat (exothermic, ∆H < 0). In the case of vaporization, heat is absorbed to convert a liquid into a gas, resulting in a positive ∆H.

An endothermic process is one that requires the absorption of heat from the surroundings. During the vaporization of bromine (Br2), energy is needed to overcome intermolecular forces in the liquid state, allowing the molecules to escape into the gas phase. This absorption of heat is reflected in the positive value of ∆H for the vaporization process.

A thermochemical equation represents a chemical reaction along with the associated enthalpy change. In this case, the vaporization of Br2 can be written as: Br2(l) → Br2(g) + 7.4 kcal. This equation shows that heat is absorbed during the transition from liquid to gas, emphasizing the endothermic nature of the process.