Question 1

Which of the following best describes metabolism in a microbial cell?

Accepted Answer

A series of interconnected chemical reactions occurring within a cell, transforming substrates into end products through specific intermediates.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about catabolism and anabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism generates ATP by breaking down complex molecules, while anabolism uses ATP to build complex molecules.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a cyclic metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 4

What is the main function of NAD and FAD in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They serve as electron carriers in redox reactions, shuttling electrons between metabolic pathways.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reduction of NAD during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NAD^+ + H^+ + 2e^- \rightarrow NADH}$$

Question 6

Which glycolytic pathway is considered the 'classic' glycolysis and is found in almost all organisms?

Accepted Answer

Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway

Question 7

During substrate-level phosphorylation, how is ATP generated?

Accepted Answer

By the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in aerobic respiration after glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Question 9

In anaerobic respiration, which of the following can serve as a final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NO_3$^-}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fermentation yields less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use the electron transport chain and only generates ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a product of homolactic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 12

Where does the electron transport chain occur in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasma (cell) membrane

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the energy currency, providing immediate free energy for cellular processes.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the fate of pyruvate in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate can be channeled to either respiration or fermentation depending on the organism and environmental conditions.

Question 15

Which of the following equations represents the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 38ATP$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic information

Question 17

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes accelerate the rate of reactions without being changed themselves.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP generation using the energy released by electrons moving through the electron transport chain.

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of fermentation compared to respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses an organic compound as the terminal electron acceptor.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the location of metabolic pathways in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

All steps of cellular respiration occur in the cytosol.

Microbial Growth and Metabolism: Bioenergetics and Pathways

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