Q: Calculate the total kilocalories in a meal containing 30 grams of carbohydrates, 10 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. Use the following energy values: $$1\text{g carbohydrates} = 4\text{ kcal}$$, $$1\text{g protein} = 4\text{ kcal}$$, $$1\text{g fat} = 9\text{ kcal}.$$

$$(30 \times 4) + (10 \times 4) + (5 \times 9) = 120 + 40 + 45 = 205\text{ kcal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the primary focus of nutrition as a scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the human body and influences health.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered an organic nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Question 3

A patient presents with cheilosis (chapped and cracked lips) due to a deficiency in riboflavin. This is an example of which type of disease?

Accepted Answer

A disease directly resulting from a nutrient deficiency

Question 4

Which macronutrient provides the highest amount of energy per gram?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 5

Calculate the total kilocalories in a meal containing 30 grams of carbohydrates, 10 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. Use the following energy values: $$1	ext{g carbohydrates} = 4	ext{ kcal}$$, $$1	ext{g protein} = 4	ext{ kcal}$$, $$1	ext{g fat} = 9	ext{ kcal}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$(30 	imes 4) + (10 	imes 4) + (5 	imes 9) = 120 + 40 + 45 = 205	ext{ kcal}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between vitamins and minerals?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are organic and can be destroyed by heat, while minerals are inorganic and cannot be destroyed.

Question 7

A nutrition professional is assessing a client’s nutritional status. Which of the following is NOT a domain identified by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics?

Accepted Answer

Genetic sequencing

Question 8

Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) value is defined as the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to most people?

Accepted Answer

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Question 9

A researcher wants to test the effect of a new dietary supplement on cholesterol levels. Which study design would provide the strongest evidence for cause and effect?

Accepted Answer

Randomized, double-blind experimental trial

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-designed scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

It includes a control group for comparison.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?

Accepted Answer

The range of energy intake from macronutrients that provides adequate nutrients and reduces risk of chronic disease.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a secondary nutrient deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A person cannot absorb enough of a nutrient due to a medical condition.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of Healthy People 2020?

Accepted Answer

Increase agricultural crop yields.

Question 14

A person consumes 50 grams of carbohydrates, 20 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat in a meal. Calculate the percentage of total energy from fat. Use the following energy values: $$1	ext{g carbohydrates} = 4	ext{ kcal}$$, $$1	ext{g protein} = 4	ext{ kcal}$$, $$1	ext{g fat} = 9	ext{ kcal}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{10 	imes 9}{(50 	imes 4) + (20 	imes 4) + (10 	imes 9)} 	imes 100 = \frac{90}{200 + 80 + 90} 	imes 100 = \frac{90}{370} 	imes 100 \approx 24.3\%$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a reliable source of nutrition information?

Accepted Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

A nutritional status that is out of balance, with too much or too little energy or nutrients over a significant period of time.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of water as a nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular processes

Question 18

Which of the following is a limitation of animal studies in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

Results may not apply directly to humans.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is an educated guess tested by experiments, while a theory is a conclusion supported by repeated experiments.

Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition – Linking Food, Function, and Health

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