Q: A patient consumes 100 grams of carbohydrates, 50 grams of protein, and 30 grams of fat in one day. Calculate the total caloric intake for that day using the appropriate caloric values for each macronutrient.

Total calories = $$(100 \times 4) + (50 \times 4) + (30 \times 9) = 400 + 200 + 270 = 870$$ kcal

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be provided in the diet because the body cannot synthesize it or makes it in insufficient amounts.

Question 2

A patient consumes 100 grams of carbohydrates, 50 grams of protein, and 30 grams of fat in one day. Calculate the total caloric intake for that day using the appropriate caloric values for each macronutrient.

Accepted Answer

Total calories = $$(100 	imes 4) + (50 	imes 4) + (30 	imes 9) = 400 + 200 + 270 = 870$$ kcal

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered more vital to life than food?

Accepted Answer

Water provides the fluid medium necessary for all chemical reactions and is not stored in the body.

Question 4

A 35-year-old male patient is 1.80 meters tall and weighs 90 kg. Calculate his Body Mass Index (BMI) and determine his weight status according to the NHLBI guidelines.

Accepted Answer

BMI = $$\frac{90}{(1.80)^2$} = \frac{90}{3.24} = 27.8 ($$Overweight)

Question 5

Which of the following is a primary function of dietary protein?

Accepted Answer

To maintain and support the growth of body tissues.

Question 6

A patient is prescribed a clear liquid diet after abdominal surgery. Which of the following foods is appropriate for this diet?

Accepted Answer

Clear broth and apple juice

Question 7

Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of current protein malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased serum prealbumin

Question 8

A nurse is caring for a patient receiving enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. Which intervention is most important to reduce the risk of aspiration?

Accepted Answer

Keep the head of the bed elevated at 30 to 45 degrees during and for 1 hour after feeding.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins, especially A and D, can be toxic.

Question 10

A patient with a BMI of 32 and a waist circumference of 42 inches is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the concept of nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

The comparison between nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion.

Question 12

A nurse is teaching a patient about complementary proteins. Which meal is an example of complementary plant proteins?

Accepted Answer

Corn tortilla with refried beans

Question 13

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to stimulate appetite in a hospitalized patient?

Accepted Answer

Serve small, frequent meals and encourage favorite foods.

Question 14

A patient is prescribed nothing by mouth (NPO) for more than 72 hours. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

Accepted Answer

Initiate enteral or parenteral nutrition support.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key recommendation of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020–2025?

Accepted Answer

Choose a healthy eating pattern at an appropriate calorie level to maintain a healthy body weight.

Question 16

A nurse is assessing a patient for dysphagia. Which of the following findings is most indicative of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Coughing or choking when eating or drinking

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

Accepted Answer

It is the highest daily intake of a nutrient likely to pose no risk of toxicity for almost all individuals.

Question 18

A patient is taking a therapeutic level of zinc supplements. Which nutrient deficiency is this patient at risk for if intake is not adjusted?

Accepted Answer

Copper deficiency

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Most absorption of digested food and minerals occurs in the small intestine.

Question 20

A nurse is caring for a patient with a nasogastric feeding tube. Which method is considered the gold standard for verifying initial tube placement?

Accepted Answer

Radiographic (x-ray) examination

Comprehensive Principles of Nutrition: Study Notes for College Nutrition Students

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