Question 1

Which of the following vitamins is essential for collagen synthesis, and a deficiency can lead to scurvy?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and is found to have low serum potassium. Which mineral deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 3

Which of the following factors would most likely decrease the bioavailability of non-heme iron from plant foods?

Accepted Answer

High intake of phytates from whole grains

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus raising blood volume and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 5

A person consumes 3 liters of water per day but experiences symptoms of hyponatremia. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Excessive water intake without adequate electrolyte replacement

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{height\ (m)^2$}$$

Question 7

Which method is considered the gold standard for assessing body composition, specifically lean body mass and body fat percentage?

Accepted Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between hunger and appetite?

Accepted Answer

Hunger is a physiological need for food; appetite is a psychological desire for food.

Question 9

A person with a BMI of 32 would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Obese

Question 10

Which mineral is a major component of hemoglobin and its deficiency can lead to microcytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 11

Which of the following is a common side effect of weight loss drugs that act by inhibiting fat absorption in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies

Question 12

Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for healthy weight gain in an underweight individual?

Accepted Answer

Increase caloric intake with balanced, nutrient-rich foods and regular resistance exercise

Question 13

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of bulimia nervosa compared to anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors

Question 14

Which mineral is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, and its deficiency can result in goiter?

Accepted Answer

Iodide

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the concept of energy balance?

Accepted Answer

Energy intake equals energy expenditure

Question 16

A person is experiencing muscle cramps, confusion, and irregular heartbeat after excessive sweating during a marathon. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular metabolism

Question 18

Which of the following is a common misconception about disordered eating?

Accepted Answer

It always progresses to a clinical eating disorder

Question 19

Which mineral works closely with sodium to maintain fluid balance and is a major anion in extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Chloride

Question 20

A patient is prescribed a gastric bypass surgery for weight loss. Which of the following best describes how this procedure promotes weight loss?

Accepted Answer

It reduces stomach size and alters nutrient absorption

Comprehensive Study Guide: Vitamins, Minerals, Water Balance, and Energy Balance in Human Nutrition

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