Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of bone mineral density (BMD)?

$$\text{BMD} = \frac{\text{grams of calcified tissue}}{\text{centimeter squared of bone tissue}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Bone tissue is broken down and rebuilt at the same location, involving osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Question 2

Which hormone acts to increase blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium release from bones, uptake in kidneys, and absorption in the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 3

A patient presents with soft, weak bones and a history of minimal sun exposure. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible for their condition?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of calcium in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA and RNA

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of bone mineral density (BMD)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{BMD} = \frac{	ext{grams of calcified tissue}}{	ext{centimeter squared of bone tissue}}$$

Question 6

Which of the following dietary patterns would most likely decrease the bioavailability of calcium?

Accepted Answer

A diet high in oxalates and some types of fiber

Question 7

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis after a DEXA scan. Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor for her condition?

Accepted Answer

Being female

Question 8

Which mineral is the second most abundant in the human body and is primarily found in the skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why peak bone mass is important for osteoporosis prevention?

Accepted Answer

It represents the greatest quantity of bone tissue developed, providing a reserve against age-related bone loss.

Question 10

Which of the following nutrients acts as a coenzyme that modifies proteins important for bone health and promotes normal blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 11

A vegan patient is concerned about their bone health. Which factor may put them at increased risk for calcium inadequacy?

Accepted Answer

Diets high in oxalates and phytates that reduce calcium absorption

Question 12

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for primary prevention of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in weight-bearing physical activity and ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake during youth

Question 13

Which of the following statements about calcium supplementation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Supplements derived from oyster shell may contain high amounts of lead.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of magnesium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Required for every reaction involving ATP

Question 15

A patient with osteoporosis is prescribed a DEXA scan. What does this test measure?

Accepted Answer

The amount of calcified tissue per unit area of bone

Question 16

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of fluoride in bone and tooth health?

Accepted Answer

It blocks tooth decay by preventing demineralization and enhancing remineralization of enamel.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios would most likely require secondary prevention strategies for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A postmenopausal woman with a recent fracture and low BMD

Question 19

Which of the following statements about vitamin D is correct?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D must be activated to calcitriol in the kidneys to regulate calcium absorption.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why excessive intake of soda may negatively impact bone health?

Accepted Answer

High phosphate content in soda can decrease bone mineralization.

Nutrients Important for Bone Health: Structure, Function, and Prevention of Osteoporosis

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