Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of red blood cells in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They transport oxygen from the lungs to all cells in the body.

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Blood tests reveal low hemoglobin and small, pale red blood cells. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 3

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, generating ATP in the process?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 4

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with the development of spina bifida in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Folate (Vitamin B9)

Question 5

Which mineral is a key component of hemoglobin and is most efficiently absorbed from animal-based foods?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 6

A person with a diet high in egg whites but low in other sources of biotin may develop which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hair loss

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why fat is a more efficient storage form of energy than glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Fat is more compact and stores more energy per gram than glycogen.

Question 8

Which vitamin is required for the synthesis of coenzyme A, which is essential for lipid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

Question 9

A patient with a history of alcohol use disorder presents with dry, scaly skin, mouth sores, and light sensitivity. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Question 10

Which of the following interventions is NOT recommended by the World Bank to combat iron deficiency anemia in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging exclusive consumption of plant-based diets

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 12

Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and the prevention of macrocytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Question 13

A person with a deficiency in which mineral is most likely to develop goiter?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 14

Which of the following statements about catabolism and anabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism releases energy, while anabolism consumes energy.

Question 15

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting and whose deficiency can lead to excessive bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 16

A patient with macrocytic anemia and neurological symptoms is found to have low intrinsic factor. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 17

Which mineral acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in glucose production and amino acid catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Manganese

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It maintains fluid balance, pH, and temperature, and transports nutrients and waste.

Question 19

Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to cause the four Ds: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death?

Accepted Answer

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Question 20

Which of the following strategies can enhance the absorption of non-heme iron from plant-based foods?

Accepted Answer

Consuming vitamin C-rich foods at the same meal

Nutrients Important for Metabolism and Blood Function: Study Guide

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