In a double-slit experiment, let d = 5.00D = 40.0λ. Compare (as a ratio) the intensity of the third-order interference maximum with that of the zero-order maximum.

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Understand the problem: In a double-slit experiment, the intensity of the interference pattern is determined by the superposition of light waves from the two slits. The intensity at any point depends on the phase difference between the waves, which is influenced by the path difference and the slit separation (d). We are tasked with comparing the intensity of the third-order maximum (m = 3) to the zero-order maximum (m = 0).

Recall the formula for intensity in a double-slit experiment: The intensity at a point is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the resultant wave. The amplitude is given by: \( A = 2A_0 \cos(\phi/2) \), where \( \phi \) is the phase difference between the two waves. The intensity is then \( I = I_0 \cos^2(\phi/2) \), where \( I_0 \) is the maximum intensity.

Determine the phase difference \( \phi \): The phase difference is related to the path difference \( \Delta x \) by \( \phi = \frac{2\pi \Delta x}{\lambda} \), where \( \lambda \) is the wavelength of light. For the m-th order maximum, the path difference is \( m\lambda \), so \( \phi = \frac{2\pi m\lambda}{\lambda} = 2\pi m \).

Calculate the intensity ratio: For the zero-order maximum (m = 0), \( \phi = 0 \), so \( \cos^2(\phi/2) = \cos^2(0) = 1 \). For the third-order maximum (m = 3), \( \phi = 2\pi \times 3 = 6\pi \), and \( \cos^2(\phi/2) = \cos^2(3\pi) = \cos^2(\pi) = 1 \). Thus, the intensity ratio \( \frac{I_3}{I_0} = \frac{\cos^2(3\pi)}{\cos^2(0)} = 1 \).

Conclude: The intensity of the third-order maximum is equal to the intensity of the zero-order maximum, so the ratio is 1:1. This result arises because the cosine function is periodic, and \( \cos^2(\phi/2) \) repeats its values every \( 2\pi \).

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주요 개념

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Double-Slit Experiment

The double-slit experiment demonstrates the wave nature of light through the interference pattern created when coherent light passes through two closely spaced slits. When light waves overlap, they can constructively or destructively interfere, resulting in bright and dark fringes on a screen. This experiment is fundamental in understanding wave-particle duality and the principles of quantum mechanics.

Interference Maximum

Interference maxima occur at specific angles where the path difference between light waves from the two slits is an integer multiple of the wavelength. The zero-order maximum is the central bright fringe, while higher-order maxima, like the third-order maximum, correspond to greater path differences. The intensity of these maxima varies, typically decreasing as the order increases due to factors like diffraction and the finite width of the slits.

Intensity Ratio

The intensity of light at interference maxima is related to the amplitude of the waves involved. The intensity ratio between different orders of maxima can be calculated using the formula I_n/I_0 = (sin(β)/β)^2, where β is a function of the slit separation and wavelength. This ratio helps quantify how the brightness of the third-order maximum compares to the zero-order maximum, illustrating the effects of interference on light intensity.