Ch 26: Potential and Field

Knight Calc - Physics for Scientists and Engineers 5th Edition

Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Knight Calc 5th Edition

Ch 26: Potential and Field

문제 53

26장, 문제 53

The electric potential is 40 V at point A near a uniformly charged sphere. At point B, 2.0 μm farther away from the sphere, the potential has decreased by 0.16 mV. How far is point A from the center of the sphere?

검증된 단계별 안내

Understand that the electric potential (V) around a uniformly charged sphere is given by the formula:

V = \frac{k}{q} r

, where

k

is Coulomb's constant,

q

is the charge of the sphere, and

r

is the distance from the center of the sphere.

Recognize that the change in potential between two points A and B is given by:

Δ V = V A - V B

. Substituting the formula for potential, this becomes:

Δ V = \frac{k}{q} r_{A} - \frac{k}{q} r_{B}

Since the problem states that the potential decreases by 0.16 mV when moving 2.0 μm farther from the sphere, express this as:

Δ V = - 0.16 mV

and

r_{B} = r_{A} + 2.0 μ m

Substitute

Δ V

r_{B}

, and the known values into the equation:

- 0.16 mV = \frac{k}{q} r_{A} - \frac{k}{q} (r_{A} + 2.0 μ m)

Simplify the equation to isolate

r_{A}

. Cancel out

k

and

q

(since they are constants), and solve for

r_{A}

using algebraic manipulation.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Electric Potential

Electric potential, measured in volts (V), represents the potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field. It indicates how much work is needed to move a charge from a reference point to a specific point in the field. In this scenario, the potential at point A is given as 40 V, which is crucial for understanding the energy landscape around the charged sphere.

Uniformly Charged Sphere

A uniformly charged sphere is an idealized model where charge is distributed evenly over the surface or throughout the volume of the sphere. The electric field outside such a sphere behaves as if all the charge were concentrated at its center, allowing for simplified calculations of electric potential and field strength. This concept is essential for determining how the potential changes with distance from the sphere.

Potential Difference and Distance

The potential difference between two points in an electric field is related to the work done in moving a charge between those points. In this case, the potential at point B is 0.16 mV lower than at point A, and the distance between them is 2.0 μm. Understanding how potential changes with distance helps in calculating the distance from point A to the center of the sphere using the relationship between potential difference and radial distance in the electric field of a charged sphere.