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Ch 02: Motion Along a Straight Line
Young & Freedman Calc - University Physics 14th Edition
Young & Freedman Calc14th EditionUniversity PhysicsISBN: 9780321973610당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
2장, 문제 15e

A turtle crawls along a straight line, which we will call the xx-axis with the positive direction to the right. The equation for the turtle's position as a function of time is x(t)=50.0x(t) = 50.0 cm + (2.002.00 cm/s)tt − (0.06250.0625 cm/s2)t2t^2. Sketch graphs of xx versus tt, vxv_{x} versus tt, and axa_{x} versus tt, for the time interval t=0t = 0 to t=40t = 40 s.

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Understand the given position function: x(t) = 50.0 cm + (2.00 cm/s)t − (0.0625 cm/s²)t². This is a quadratic equation in terms of time, t, which describes the turtle's position along the x-axis.
To sketch the graph of x versus t, identify the type of curve. Since the equation is quadratic, the graph will be a parabola. Determine the vertex and intercepts by analyzing the coefficients and solving for x when t = 0 and when x = 0.
Find the velocity function, υx(t), by taking the first derivative of the position function x(t) with respect to time t. This will give you υx(t) = d(x(t))/dt = 2.00 cm/s − 2(0.0625 cm/s²)t.
Sketch the graph of υx versus t. The velocity function is linear, so the graph will be a straight line. Determine the slope and intercept by analyzing the coefficients of the velocity function.
Find the acceleration function, ax(t), by taking the derivative of the velocity function υx(t) with respect to time t. This will give you ax(t) = d(υx(t))/dt = −2(0.0625 cm/s²). Since the acceleration is constant, the graph of ax versus t will be a horizontal line.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Kinematics Equations

Kinematics involves the study of motion without considering the forces that cause it. The position equation x(t) = 50.0 cm + (2.00 cm/s)t − (0.0625 cm/s²)t² describes the turtle's motion along the x-axis. This equation is a quadratic function of time, indicating that the turtle's motion includes both constant velocity and constant acceleration components.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
08:25
Kinematics Equations

Velocity and Acceleration

Velocity is the rate of change of position with respect to time, and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. For the given position function, the velocity function υx(t) can be found by differentiating x(t) with respect to time, resulting in υx(t) = 2.00 cm/s - (0.125 cm/s²)t. Similarly, the acceleration ax(t) is the derivative of velocity, yielding a constant ax(t) = -0.125 cm/s².
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
11:21
Rotational Velocity & Acceleration

Graphical Representation of Motion

Graphing the position, velocity, and acceleration as functions of time provides a visual understanding of the turtle's motion. The position graph x versus t is a parabola opening downwards, indicating deceleration. The velocity graph υx versus t is a straight line with a negative slope, and the acceleration graph ax versus t is a horizontal line, reflecting constant negative acceleration.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
05:58
Subtracting Vectors Graphically
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An astronaut has left the International Space Station to test a new space scooter. Her partner measures the following velocity changes, each taking place in a 1010-s interval. What are the magnitude, the algebraic sign, and the direction of the average acceleration in each interval? Assume that the positive direction is to the right.

(a) At the beginning of the interval, the astronaut is moving toward the right along the xx-axis at 15.015.0 m/s, and at the end of the interval she is moving toward the right at 5.05.0 m/s.

(b) At the beginning she is moving toward the left at 5.05.0 m/s, and at the end she is moving toward the left at 15.015.0 m/s.

(c) At the beginning she is moving toward the right at 15.015.0 m/s, and at the end she is moving toward the left at 15.015.0 m/s.

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교과서 질문

A turtle crawls along a straight line, which we will call the xx-axis with the positive direction to the right. The equation for the turtle's position as a function of time is x(t)=50.0x(t) = 50.0 cm + (2.002.00 cm/s)tt − (0.06250.0625 cm/s2)t2t^2. At what time tt is the velocity of the turtle zero?

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교과서 질문

A car's velocity as a function of time is given byvx(t)=α+βt2 v_x(t) = α + βt^2, where α=3.00α = 3.00 m/s and β=0.100β = 0.100 m/s3. Calculate the average acceleration for the time interval t=0t = 0 to t=5.00t = 5.00 s.

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A turtle crawls along a straight line, which we will call the xx-axis with the positive direction to the right. The equation for the turtle's position as a function of time is x(t)=50.0x(t) = 50.0 cm + (2.002.00 cm/s)tt − (0.06250.0625 cm/s2)t2t^2. Find the turtle's initial velocity, initial position, and initial acceleration.

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