Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of pulmonary diffusion?

Accepted Answer

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveolar-capillary membrane.

Question 2

A patient presents with a barrel chest, increased anteroposterior diameter, and widely spaced ribs. Which condition is most likely associated with these findings?

Accepted Answer

Emphysema

Question 3

Which of the following lung volumes is defined as the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation?

Accepted Answer

Expiratory reserve volume ($$ERV)$$

Question 4

A patient with chronic bronchitis is likely to have which of the following changes in lung compliance?

Accepted Answer

Decreased compliance due to stiff lung tissue

Question 5

Which of the following is a late indicator of hypoxia and is characterized by bluish discoloration of the lips and tongue?

Accepted Answer

Central cyanosis

Question 6

A patient is being assessed for tactile fremitus. Which technique is correct?

Accepted Answer

Palpating the chest wall while the patient repeats 'ninety-nine'

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why a patient with a high ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio has 'dead space' ventilation?

Accepted Answer

There is adequate air reaching the alveoli but little or no blood flow.

Question 8

A patient with a history of heart failure presents with a cough that is worse at night and when lying flat. Which term best describes this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Orthopnea

Question 9

Which of the following is a limitation of pulse oximetry?

Accepted Answer

It cannot detect hyperoxemia.

Question 10

A patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism is scheduled for a pulmonary angiography. What is the primary purpose of this diagnostic test?

Accepted Answer

To visualize blood flow in the pulmonary arteries using a radiopaque agent

Question 11

Which of the following findings is most characteristic of clubbing of the fingers?

Accepted Answer

Rounded, bulbous distal phalanx and increased angle to 180 degrees or more

Question 12

A patient is asked to exhale as much air as possible after a normal exhalation. Which lung volume is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Expiratory reserve volume ($$ERV)$$

Question 13

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step when collecting a sputum sample for culture?

Accepted Answer

Have the patient rinse their mouth and cough deeply to produce sputum

Question 14

A patient with a history of COPD is found to have a decreased forced vital capacity ($$FVC) on $$pulmonary function testing. What does this finding indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient has reduced ability to exhale air forcefully.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the mechanics of inspiration?

Accepted Answer

The thoracic cavity enlarges, lowering internal pressure and drawing air in.

Question 16

A patient presents with a high-pitched, musical sound heard during expiration. Which term best describes this finding?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Question 17

Which of the following is a common cause of pink, frothy sputum?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary edema

Question 18

A patient with a history of osteoporosis presents with an S-shaped curvature of the spine and limited lung expansion. Which chest deformity is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Kyphoscoliosis

Question 19

Which of the following is the best indicator of a patient's ability to provide adequate ventilation and oxygenation during an acute respiratory event?

Accepted Answer

Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis

Assessment of Respiratory Function: Mini-Textbook Study Notes

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