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Ch. 4 - Probability
Triola - Elementary Statistics 14th Edition
Triola14th EditionElementary StatisticsISBN: 9780137366446당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Triola 14th EditionCh. 4 - Probability문제 4.2.1
4장, 문제 4.2.1

Notation When randomly selecting a new smartphone, D denotes the event that it has a manufacturing defect. What do P(D) and P(D) represent?

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Step 1: Understand the notation. In probability, 'P(D)' represents the probability of event 'D' occurring. Here, 'D' is the event that a randomly selected smartphone has a manufacturing defect.
Step 2: Clarify the meaning of 'P(D)'. It quantifies the likelihood of the event 'D' happening, expressed as a value between 0 and 1, where 0 means the event is impossible and 1 means the event is certain.
Step 3: Recognize that 'P(D)' is a mathematical representation of the probability. For example, if 5% of smartphones have defects, then P(D) = 0.05.
Step 4: If the problem also refers to 'P(D)', it is likely asking for the same probability value, as 'P(D)' is the standard notation for the probability of event 'D'.
Step 5: To calculate P(D) in practice, you would divide the number of defective smartphones by the total number of smartphones in the sample or population, using the formula: P(D)=Number of defective smartphonesTotal number of smartphones.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Probability

Probability is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1. In this context, P(D) represents the probability that a randomly selected smartphone has a manufacturing defect. Understanding probability is essential for interpreting the likelihood of events in statistics.
추천 영상:
5:37
Introduction to Probability

Event

An event in probability is a specific outcome or a set of outcomes from a random experiment. In this case, D is the event that a smartphone has a manufacturing defect. Recognizing events helps in calculating probabilities and understanding the context of statistical analysis.
추천 영상:
05:54
Probability of Multiple Independent Events

Notation in Probability

Notation in probability provides a standardized way to represent events and their probabilities. P(D) specifically denotes the probability of event D occurring. Familiarity with this notation is crucial for effectively communicating and solving problems in statistics.
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5:37
Introduction to Probability
관련 실천
교과서 질문

In Exercises 6–10, use the following results from tests of an experiment to test the effectiveness of an experimental vaccine for children (based on data from USA Today). Express all probabilities in decimal form.



Find the probability of randomly selecting 2 subjects without replacement and finding that they both developed flu.

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교과서 질문

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교과서 질문

In Exercises 9–20, use the data in the following table, which lists survey results from high school drivers at least 16 years of age (based on data from “Texting While Driving and Other Risky Motor Vehicle Behaviors Among U.S. High School Students,” by O’Malley, Shults, and Eaton, Pediatrics, Vol. 131, No. 6). Assume that subjects are randomly selected from those included in the table. Hint: Be very careful to read the question correctly.

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교과서 질문

In Exercises 21-28, find the probability and answer the questions.


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교과서 질문

In Exercises 13–20, express the indicated degree of likelihood as a probability value between 0 and 1.



Randomness When using a computer to randomly generate the last digit of a phone number to be called for a survey, there is 1 chance in 10 that the last digit is zero

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교과서 질문

In Exercises 9–20, use the data in the following table, which lists survey results from high school drivers at least 16 years of age (based on data from “Texting While Driving and Other Risky Motor Vehicle Behaviors Among U.S. High School Students,” by O’Malley, Shults, and Eaton, Pediatrics, Vol. 131, No. 6). Assume that subjects are randomly selected from those included in the table. Hint: Be very careful to read the question correctly.


Texting or Drinking If one of the high school drivers is randomly selected, find the probability of getting one who texted while driving or drove when drinking alcohol.

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