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ECON 251 Exam 1 Study Guide: Foundations, Markets, Efficiency, and International Trade

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Three Key Economic Ideas

Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) - Introduction and Productive Efficiency

PPF - Increasing Marginal Opportunity Costs and Allocative Efficiency

PPF - Comparative Advantage and Absolute Advantage

PPF - Comparative Advantage and Trade

Introduction to Supply and Demand

The Basics of Demand

Shifting Demand

The Basics of Supply

Shifting Supply

Supply and Demand Together: Equilibrium, Shortage, and Surplus

WIllingness to Pay and Consumer Surplus

Willingness to Sell and Producer Surplus

Economic Surplus and Efficiency

Price Ceilings, Price Floors, and Black Markets

Quantitative Analysis of Price Ceilings and Floors: Finding Points

Quantitative Analysis of Price Ceilings and Floors: Finding Areas

Introducing Taxes and Tax Incidence

Effects of Taxes on a Market

Quantitative Analysis of Taxes

Exporting and Importing

Sources of Comparative Advantage

Tariffs

Import Quotas and VERs

Arguments Against International Trade