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Macroeconomics Final Exam Review: Key Concepts and Calculations

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Introduction to Economics

Positive and Normative Statements

Percentage and Decimal Review

The Basics of Demand

Shifting Demand

The Basics of Supply

Shifting Supply

Supply and Demand Together: Equilibrium, Shortage, and Surplus

Expenditure Approach for Measuring GDP

Nominal GDP and Real GDP

Shortcomings of GDP

Growth Rates and the Rule of 70

Long-Run Economic Growth

Labor Force and Unemployment

Types of Unemployment

Aggregate Demand

Long Run Aggregate Supply

Short Run Aggregate Supply

Introduction to Fiscal Policy

Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy

Government Purchases and the Multiplier Effect

Taxes, the Multiplier Effect, and Automatic Stabilizers

The Consumption Function

The Saving Function

Determinants of Consumption and Saving

Multiplier Effect of Investment Spending

Aggregate Expenditures Model and Macroeconomic Equilibrium

Investment, Savings, and the Financial System

Savings Equal Investment

Market for Loanable Funds

The Functions of Money; The Kinds of Money

Defining the Money Supply: M1 and M2

Required Reserves and the Deposit Multiplier