Q: According to the quantity theory of money, what is the formula for the inflation rate?

$\text{Inflation rate} = \text{Growth rate of the money supply} - \text{Growth rate of real output}$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the aggregate demand (AD) curve slopes downward?

Accepted Answer

Because higher price levels reduce the real value of household wealth, increase interest rates, and make domestic goods less competitive internationally.

Question 2

Suppose the Federal Reserve increases interest rates. What is the most likely short-run effect on aggregate demand?

Accepted Answer

Aggregate demand will shift to the left because investment and consumption spending will fall.

Question 3

Which of the following would cause a movement along the aggregate demand curve, rather than a shift of the curve?

Accepted Answer

A change in the price level, holding all other factors constant.

Question 4

In the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) model, what determines the level of real GDP supplied?

Accepted Answer

The number of workers, the level of technology, and the capital stock.

Question 5

If workers and firms expect the price level to rise in the future, what is the likely effect on the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve?

Accepted Answer

SRAS will shift to the left.

Question 6

A sudden increase in oil prices is an example of which type of macroeconomic event?

Accepted Answer

A supply shock.

Question 7

According to the quantity theory of money, what is the formula for the inflation rate?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Inflation rate} = 	ext{Growth rate of the money supply} - 	ext{Growth rate of real output}$

Question 8

If the money supply grows at 5% per year and real GDP grows at 2% per year, what is the predicted inflation rate according to the quantity theory of money?

Accepted Answer

$5\% - 2\% = 3\%$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT included in the M1 measure of the money supply in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Small-denomination time deposits.

Question 10

In a fractional reserve banking system, how do banks create money?

Accepted Answer

By making loans that create new deposits.

Question 11

Which of the following is the main tool the Federal Reserve uses to control the money supply?

Accepted Answer

Open market operations.

Question 12

If the Federal Reserve wants to decrease the money supply, what action should it take?

Accepted Answer

Sell U.S. Treasury securities in the open market.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a goal of monetary policy pursued by the Federal Reserve?

Accepted Answer

Maximizing government revenue.

Question 14

What is the federal funds rate?

Accepted Answer

The interest rate banks charge each other for overnight loans.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes expansionary monetary policy?

Accepted Answer

The Federal Reserve lowers the federal funds rate to increase aggregate demand.

Question 16

Suppose the government increases its purchases of goods and services by $100 billion. If the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.8, what is the total change in real GDP due to the multiplier effect?

Accepted Answer

$500 	ext{ billion}$

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an automatic stabilizer?

Accepted Answer

Unemployment insurance payments that rise during a recession.

Question 18

If the government runs a budget deficit, what is the likely effect on national saving and investment?

Accepted Answer

National saving decreases, leading to lower investment and/or lower net foreign investment.

Question 19

In the balance of payments, which equation must always hold true?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Current Account Balance} + 	ext{Financial Account Balance} = 0$

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about monetary and fiscal policy in an open economy?

Accepted Answer

Expansionary monetary policy is more effective in an open economy due to its positive effect on net exports.

Macroeconomics Final Exam Study Guide: Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and Monetary Policy

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