Q: Which equation best represents the Expectancy Model of Motivation in Vroom’s theory?

$$Motivation = Expectancy \times Instrumentality \times Valence$$

Question 1

According to the Management Journal, what percentage of employees are actively engaged in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 2

Which of the following is a key finding from the Hawthorne Studies conducted by Elton Mayo?

Accepted Answer

Job satisfaction increased when workers participated in decisions more so than through short-term incentives.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors?

Accepted Answer

Factors that, when absent, cause dissatisfaction but do not necessarily motivate when present.

Question 4

In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which need is at the top of the pyramid?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization

Question 5

According to Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, motivation is determined by which three factors?

Accepted Answer

Effort, performance, reward

Question 6

Which equation best represents the Expectancy Model of Motivation in Vroom’s theory?

Accepted Answer

$$Motivation = Expectancy 	imes Instrumentality 	imes Valence$$

Question 7

A manager wants to increase employee motivation by adding skill variety, autonomy, and feedback to jobs. Which motivational strategy is being used?

Accepted Answer

Job Enrichment

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a SMART goal criterion?

Accepted Answer

Relevant

Question 9

According to McClelland’s Theory of Motivation, which need is associated with a desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

nAFF (Need for Affiliation)

Question 10

A company finds that employees are leaving due to perceived unfairness in pay compared to similar roles elsewhere. Which theory best explains this behavior?

Accepted Answer

Equity Theory

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between high-context and low-context cultures in workplace motivation?

Accepted Answer

High-context cultures focus on context, meaning, and tone, while low-context cultures are logical and action-oriented.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement according to Reinforcement Theory?

Accepted Answer

Giving praise for meeting targets

Question 13

According to Alderfer’s ERG Theory, which three categories of needs motivate people?

Accepted Answer

Existence, Relatedness, Growth

Question 14

Which statement best describes Theory X managers according to McGregor?

Accepted Answer

They believe employees avoid work and must be controlled.

Question 15

A manager uses reprimands and reduced pay to decrease undesired behavior. According to Reinforcement Theory, what type of stimulus is this?

Accepted Answer

Punishment

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to increase employee engagement and company profitability according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Highly engaged workforce and good company culture

Question 17

If an employee’s dissatisfaction is removed by improving hygiene factors, what does Herzberg’s theory predict?

Accepted Answer

The employee will no longer be dissatisfied, but may not be motivated.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of work that affects motivation and performance?

Accepted Answer

Strict supervision

Question 19

A manager sets a goal for the team to increase customer retention rate to 92.5% within one year. According to the SMART criteria, which aspect does this goal best represent?

Accepted Answer

Measurable

Question 20

In the Winnipeg Tech Company mini-case, which theory would best explain employees’ negative reaction to losing their profit-sharing bonus?

Accepted Answer

Equity Theory

Motivating People: Theories and Applications in the Workplace

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