Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the perichondrium in skeletal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds cartilage, contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery, and helps resist outward expansion.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which anatomical term best describes this region of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is most likely to be found in the menisci of the knee and the intervertebral discs, and what is its primary structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; contains thick collagen fibers for tensile strength

Question 4

During bone growth, which process increases the length of long bones, and what is the main cellular activity involved?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth; chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix within the cartilage

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

Production of synovial fluid

Question 6

A 70-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of her condition?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption exceeds bone deposit, leading to decreased bone mass.

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating osteoclast activity in response to low blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

A child with vitamin D deficiency presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 9

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Condyle: rounded articular projection

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone forms the outer layer of bones and is dense; spongy bone is made of trabeculae and contains marrow spaces.

Question 11

A patient suffers a comminuted fracture. Which of the following best describes this type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

Bone fragments into three or more pieces, common in the elderly.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the repair of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for osteoporosis prevention?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates bone remodeling by increasing mechanical stress, which promotes bone formation.

Question 14

Which of the following bone cells is responsible for bone resorption and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; derived from hematopoietic stem cells

Question 15

A 15-year-old male is still growing. Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is responsible for the rapid division of cartilage cells that leads to bone lengthening?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation (growth) zone

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoid in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is the organic component secreted by osteoblasts, providing tensile strength and flexibility.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 18

A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease develops bone pain and frequent fractures. Laboratory tests reveal low blood calcium. Which hormone is likely to be elevated as a compensatory response?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the diaphysis of long bones is hollow in the center?

Accepted Answer

Compression and tension cancel each other out in the center, so bone can be hollow without losing strength.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification forms most bones by replacing hyaline cartilage; intramembranous ossification forms flat bones from fibrous membranes.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Medical Terminology Study Guide

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