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Acellular Infectious Agents: Viruses, Viroids & Prions quiz #1

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Terms in this set (27)

  • What are prions?

    Prions are infectious agents made solely of misfolded proteins and can cause normal proteins to misfold, leading to disease.

  • What is a characteristic found only in some viruses?

    Some viruses possess a lipid envelope surrounding their protein coat.

  • What is a characteristic of a virus?

    Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites composed of either DNA or RNA within a protein coat.

  • What is the benefit for a bacteriophage to be a temperate (or lysogenic) virus?

    Temperate bacteriophages can integrate their genome into the host cell's DNA, allowing them to persist without immediately killing the host.

  • Most enveloped viruses belong to which category on basis of host?

    Most enveloped viruses are animal viruses.

  • Which characteristic do viruses possess in common with living cells?

    Viruses contain genetic material (DNA or RNA), similar to living cells.

  • Why are viruses often considered to be nonliving?

    Viruses are considered nonliving because they are not made of cells and cannot reproduce independently.

  • What are viruses called which are capable of converting their RNA genomes into DNA?

    Viruses capable of converting their RNA genomes into DNA are called retroviruses.

  • What do all viruses have in common?

    All viruses have genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat.

  • What virus is a common cause of viral gastroenteritis?

    Norovirus is a common cause of viral gastroenteritis.

  • Why can't a virus reproduce on its own?

    A virus cannot reproduce on its own because it lacks cellular machinery and must use a host cell to replicate.

  • Why must viruses use living cells to reproduce?

    Viruses lack the cellular structures needed for replication and must hijack a host cell's machinery.

  • Why are viruses not considered to be living organisms?

    Viruses are not considered living because they are acellular and cannot carry out metabolism or reproduce independently.

  • What is a basic characteristic of a virus?

    A basic characteristic of a virus is that it is an obligate intracellular parasite.

  • Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

    Viruses are acellular and cannot carry out metabolism, while cells are living and metabolically active.

  • How are viruses different from eukaryotic cells?

    Viruses lack cellular structures and cannot reproduce or metabolize independently, unlike eukaryotic cells.

  • What is one major difference between viruses and bacteria?

    Viruses are not made of cells, while bacteria are cellular organisms.

  • From which phrase is the term 'prions' derived?

    The term 'prions' is derived from 'proteinaceous infectious agents.'

  • What is the source of a viral envelope?

    A viral envelope is typically derived from the host cell membrane.

  • Which is closest in physical proximity to the nucleic acid of a virus?

    The protein capsid is closest to the nucleic acid of a virus.

  • What is the monomeric unit of a viral capsid?

    The monomeric unit of a viral capsid is a capsomere.

  • What do viruses typically need to infect and replicate?

    Viruses need a host cell to infect and replicate.

  • What characteristics can be utilized to classify and categorize viruses?

    Viruses can be classified by their genetic material (DNA or RNA), shape, and presence of an envelope.

  • Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

    Viruses are composed only of hereditary material (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a protein coat.

  • What would a virally infected skin epithelial cell have on its cell surface?

    A virally infected cell may display viral antigens on its surface.

  • What is a viroid?

    A viroid is a small, circular single-stranded RNA molecule that infects plants.

  • Which type of capsids are composed of multiple protein types and nonsymmetrical shapes?

    Complex capsids are composed of multiple protein types and have nonsymmetrical shapes.