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Central Dogma definitions

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  • Central Dogma
    Describes the one-way flow of biochemical information from DNA to protein, emphasizing the inability to reverse this flow from protein to DNA.
  • Transcription
    The process where RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template, producing messenger RNA as the primary product.
  • Translation
    The process where proteins are synthesized using the encoded messages carried by messenger RNA.
  • Gene Expression
    The combined processes of transcription and translation, resulting in the production of a gene's final product, often a protein.
  • DNA
    A nucleic acid serving as the primary template for storing and transmitting genetic information in cells.
  • RNA
    A nucleic acid synthesized from DNA, acting as an intermediary in the flow of genetic information toward protein synthesis.
  • Messenger RNA
    A specific type of RNA that carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
  • Replication
    The process where DNA is duplicated, using an existing DNA strand as a template to produce identical DNA molecules.
  • Reverse Transcription
    A process where DNA is synthesized from an RNA template, reversing the usual flow of genetic information.
  • Protein
    A macromolecule synthesized during translation, serving as the functional product of gene expression.
  • Unidirectional Flow
    The concept that genetic information moves in one direction, from DNA to RNA to protein, without reversal from protein.
  • Nucleic Acid
    A class of biomolecules, including DNA and RNA, responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.
  • Template
    A molecular strand used as a guide for synthesizing a complementary strand during processes like transcription or replication.
  • Gene
    A segment of DNA containing the instructions necessary for producing a specific functional product, typically a protein.