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Members of the Bacterial World quiz #2

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  • Which bacteria use their flagella to invade mucus membranes and cause infections?
    Bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae use flagella to invade mucus membranes.
  • Which two of the following are bacterial defense mechanisms against viruses?
    Restriction enzymes and CRISPR systems are bacterial defense mechanisms against viruses.
  • What are the correct terms used to describe the arrangement of bacterial flagella?
    Flagella can be described as monotrichous (single), lophotrichous (tuft), amphitrichous (both ends), or peritrichous (all over).
  • How are human pathogens classified?
    Human pathogens are considered disease-causing microorganisms.
  • Is this bacterial strain positive or negative for mannitol fermentation?
    If the medium turns yellow, the strain is positive for mannitol fermentation; if not, it is negative.
  • Which drawing in the figure is streptococci?
    Streptococci appear as chains of spherical cells.
  • Which bacteria are routinely tested for drug susceptibility?
    Pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are routinely tested.
  • Which antimicrobials is not commonly used to treat burns?
    Vancomycin is not commonly used topically for burns.
  • Which infectious diseases are characterized by the production of macules and papules?
    Diseases like measles and chickenpox produce macules and papules.
  • Name a pathogen that does not form spores.
    Escherichia coli is not a spore-forming pathogen.
  • Under what circumstances is it relevant to establish the number of bacterial cells in a sample?
    It is relevant when assessing contamination, infection risk, or effectiveness of sterilization.
  • What factor is believed to limit the size of most bacterial cells?
    Surface area-to-volume ratio limits the size of bacterial cells.
  • In what clinical scenarios is a bactericidal drug preferred over a bacteriostatic drug?
    Bactericidal drugs are preferred in severe infections or in immunocompromised patients.
  • What are key characteristics of Clostridium difficile?
    Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming bacterium that can cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
  • Which organisms can grow on agar plates incubated in an anaerobic jar?
    Obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes will grow in an anaerobic jar.
  • What are bacterioplankton and what role do they play in the environment?
    Bacterioplankton are bacteria that live in aquatic environments and contribute to nutrient cycling.
  • Which antibacterials are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
    Antibiotics such as piperacillin-tazobactam and ciprofloxacin are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • What is a nonpathogenic strain safely used in teaching labs?
    Escherichia coli K-12 is a nonpathogenic strain used in teaching labs.
  • Which toxin is not a membrane-disrupting toxin but a neurotoxin?
    Botulinum toxin is not a membrane-disrupting toxin; it is a neurotoxin.
  • In streptococci, what is the typical arrangement of the cells?
    Streptococci typically form chains of spherical cells.
  • What is an example of an infectious disease that is also communicable?
    Tuberculosis is an infectious and communicable disease.
  • What is Propionibacterium acnes and what condition is it associated with?
    Propionibacterium acnes is a skin bacterium associated with acne.
  • What is not a possible side effect of antimicrobial therapy?
    Improved digestion is not a side effect of antimicrobial therapy.
  • What are some contributing factors to the pathogenicity of N. gonorrhoeae?
    Factors include pili for attachment and the ability to evade the immune system.
  • Some bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi are known as what?
    They are known as pathogens.
  • Spirilla, a type of bacteria, are: a) organelles b) prokaryotes c) mitochondria d) eukaryotes
    b) prokaryotes
  • A commensal bacterium is one that:
    Lives on or in a host without causing harm.
  • Organisms that can cause nongonococcal urethritis are classified with which group?
    They are classified with bacteria.
  • Nonpathogenic bacteria are _____.
    Nonpathogenic bacteria are harmless and do not cause disease.
  • The chemoheterotroph Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped bacterium classified with which group?
    Proteus vulgaris is classified with the domain Bacteria.
  • The domain Bacteria consists of organisms which are:
    Unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan.
  • A sign of a bacterial infection is the presence of _____.
    Pus is a common sign of bacterial infection.
  • Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except:
    Cilia are not found in bacterial cells.
  • Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against:
    Most are effective against bacteria.
  • The fimbriae of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and enteropathogenic E. coli are examples of:
    Fimbriae are examples of bacterial attachment structures.
  • Penicillin would be most effective against:
    Penicillin is most effective against gram-positive bacteria.