BackMicrobiology Key Concepts Flashcards
Terms in this set (29)
AMPs disrupt microbial membranes by forming pores, leading to cell lysis and death.
Tetracycline inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, blocking tRNA attachment.
Griseofulvin disrupts fungal mitosis by binding to microtubules, inhibiting cell division.
Treatment involves specific antiparasitic drugs targeting protozoa or helminths, often requiring different mechanisms.
Used to assess antimicrobial susceptibility by measuring inhibition zones around antibiotic disks on agar plates.
An immediate hypersensitivity reaction causing systemic vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and possible shock.
Antigen-antibody reaction causing clumping of particles, useful in blood typing and diagnostics.
Test detecting antigen-antibody complexes by measuring complement consumption.
Uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies to detect specific antigens in samples under a microscope.
Antibodies neutralize toxins or viruses, preventing their harmful effects on host cells.
Soluble antigens and antibodies form visible precipitates when mixed in optimal proportions.
Include live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, and mRNA vaccines, each with specific examples.
Higher antibody titers indicate stronger immune response; used to assess infection or immunity status.
Non-specific first line of defense including physical barriers, phagocytes, and inflammation.
Immunity developed after natural infection with a pathogen.
Immunity gained by transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus or via breast milk.
Immunity developed after vaccination with antigenic material.
Immunity from injection of preformed antibodies, such as antiserum.
Consists of variable regions (antigen binding) and constant regions (effector functions).
MHC I presents endogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells; MHC II presents exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells.
Immune response involving T cells that destroy infected or abnormal cells.
Physical defense mechanism moving mucus and trapped microbes out of the respiratory tract.
Pattern recognition receptors that detect microbial components and activate innate immunity.
Enhances phagocytosis, inflammation, and lyses pathogens via membrane attack complex.
Infectious dose required to infect 50% of a test population.
Lethal dose required to kill 50% of a test population.
Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria; exotoxins are secreted proteins with specific targets.
Molecules secreted by bacteria to scavenge iron from the host environment.
Cause excessive T cell activation leading to massive cytokine release and toxic shock.