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Problem 20.9a
Compare the method of action of the following pairs:
a. penicillin and echinocandin
b. imidazole and polymyxin B
Problem 20.9a
A drug that intercalates into DNA has the following effects. Which one leads to the others?
a. It disrupts transcription.
b. It disrupts translation.
c. It interferes with DNA replication.
d. It causes mutations.
e. It alters proteins.
Problem 26.6a
Use the following choices to answer questions 6–8:
a. candidiasis
b. bacterial vaginosis
c. genital herpes
d. lymphogranuloma venereum
e. trichomoniasis
Difficult to treat with chemotherapy
Problem 28.1a
Foods packed in plastic for microwaving are
a. dehydrated.
b. freeze-dried.
c. packaged aseptically.
d. commercially sterilized.
e. autoclaved.
Problem 28.2a
How does commercial sterilization differ from sterilization procedures used in a hospital or laboratory?
Problem 28.3a
Use the following choices to answer questions 3–5:
a. Bacillus coagulans
b. Byssochlamys
c. flat sour spoilage
d. Lactobacillus
e. thermophilic anaerobic spoilage
The spoilage of canned foods due to inadequate processing, accompanied by gas production.
Problem 28.3a
Why is a can of blackberries preserved by commercial sterilization typically heated to 100°C instead of at least 116°C?
Problem 28.4a
Use the following choices to answer questions 3–5:
a. Bacillus coagulans
b. Byssochlamys
c. flat sour spoilage
d. Lactobacillus
e. thermophilic anaerobic spoilage
The spoilage of canned foods caused by G. stearothermophilus.
Problem 28.4a
Outline the steps in the production of cheese, and compare the production of hard and soft cheeses.
Problem 28.5a
Beer is made with water, malt, and yeast; hops are added for flavor. What is the purpose of the water, malt, and yeast? What is malt?
Problem 28.6a
The term 12D treatment refers to
a. heat treatment sufficient to kill 12 bacteria.
b. the use of 12 different treatments to preserve food.
c. a 10¹² reduction in C. botulinum endospores.
d. any process that destroys thermophilic bacteria.
Problem 28.6a
Why is a bioreactor better than a large flask for industrial production of an antibiotic?
Problem 28.7a
The manufacture of paper includes the use of bleach and formaldehyde-based glue. The microbial enzyme xylanase whitens paper by digesting dark lignins. Oxidase causes the fibers to stick together, and cellulase will remove ink. List three advantages of using these microbial enzymes over traditional chemical methods for making paper.
Problem 28.8a
Which type of radiation is used to preserve foods?
a. ionizing
b. nonionizing
c. radiowaves
d. microwaves
e. all of the above