Other Vitamin-Like Nutrients: Videos & Practice Problems

Which concise statement best distinguishes a true vitamin from a vitamin-like (conditionally essential) nutrient?

A patient with a genetic defect loses the capacity to synthesize sufficient choline. Based on the classification of vitamin-like nutrients, which of the following best describes why choline becomes a dietary requirement in this patient?

Which set lists the four vitamin-like nutrients emphasized in this lesson?

A student is quizzing a peer and asks which of these is NOT one of the four vitamin-like compounds covered in the lesson. Which choice is correct?

Which of the following clinical observations most strongly suggests a deficiency in choline rather than in carnitine, lipoic acid, or inositol?

Which pair of functions correctly matches a vitamin-like nutrient with the mechanism by which it most directly supports cellular metabolism?

Which statement best summarizes inositol’s primary role among the vitamin-like nutrients discussed?

Which food combination provides a particularly rich source of dietary choline according to the lesson examples?

A lacto-ovo vegetarian wants to increase dietary lipoic acid without eating meat. Which sensible combination of foods from the lesson would best help increase lipoic acid intake?

A clinical dietitian reviews a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) showing a patient eats eggs twice weekly, peanuts rarely, and no organ meats. Based on the lesson, which nutrient is the patient most at risk of having lower intake of relative to omnivores who eat liver occasionally?

Under which clinical circumstance would choline most likely become a dietary essential (i.e., conditionally essential) for an adult?

A clinician suspects a patient’s fatty liver results from inadequate choline. Which piece of evidence would best support that diagnosis over alternative causes such as alcohol or obesity?

Design a brief clinical nutrition plan for a pregnant patient at risk of low choline intake (eats few eggs and no liver). Which integrated recommendation best addresses conditional essentiality and fetal needs?

Which implication follows from the distinction between essential vitamins and conditionally essential vitamin-like nutrients when forming public dietary recommendations?

A policy maker must decide whether to include choline in a national prenatal supplement program. Which evaluation best supports inclusion based on the conditional essentiality concept?

If an adult consumes meat at every meal and has normal health (no genetic defects), which vitamin-like nutrient is least likely to be deficient in this person under ordinary conditions?

A hospitalized patient receives total parenteral nutrition (TPN) without added choline and has poor hepatic function. Which analysis correctly predicts their risk and the rationale?

Integrate the following: A vegan athlete reports fatigue and difficulty recovering after endurance sessions. Their diet includes legumes, nuts, leafy greens, and no animal products. Which combined strategy best addresses potential vitamin-like nutrient insufficiencies relevant to performance and recovery?

A male adult has an AI (adequate intake) for choline of 550 mg/day. Using the same provided values (egg 150 mg, milk 40 mg per cup, peanut butter 25 mg per tablespoon), analyze whether the intake from 2 eggs, 1 cup milk, and 2 tablespoons peanut butter meets the AI. Which conclusion is correct?

Given the same single-item values (egg 150 mg choline), how many eggs would provide at least the 550 mg AI of choline for an adult male if eggs were the only source consumed that day?

Which practical advice is most appropriate for a strict vegetarian concerned about carnitine intake based on the lesson content?

A 35-year-old vegetarian athlete complains of prolonged muscle soreness. Analysis shows low dietary carnitine but adequate protein and no metabolic disease. Which analysis-based plan addresses the probable cause and least invasive correction?

Calculation question: An adult male has an AI for choline of 550 mg/day. He eats 2 large eggs (150 mg each), drinks 1 cup of milk (40 mg), and has 2 tablespoons of peanut butter (25 mg per tablespoon). Using these values, does his intake meet the AI? Show your step-by-step calculation and conclusion.

Calculation question: Using provided lipoic acid values — spinach 5 mg per 100 g, red meat 10 mg per 100 g, potatoes 3 mg per 100 g — determine the total lipoic acid intake for a person eating 200 g spinach and 150 g red meat. Show your work and conclude if the intake meets a hypothetical clinical requirement of 50 mg/day.

Multi-step calculation: A 28-year-old female has an AI for choline of 425 mg/day. She is vegetarian and consumes the following: 2 cups soy milk (assume 1 cup = 30 mg choline), 1 cup cooked spinach (assume 1 cup = 20 mg), 2 slices whole-grain bread (10 mg each). Additionally, estimate her endogenous synthesis at 50 mg/day. Calculate total choline intake (diet + endogenous) and determine if she meets the AI. Show your calculations.

A dietitian must evaluate a vegan patient who presents with chronic fatigue and mildly elevated liver enzymes. Which evaluation and follow-up plan is most appropriate and evidence-based given the lesson content?

Which analytical conclusion is most accurate for an elderly person who has poor appetite, eats infrequently, avoids meat, and shows signs of muscle weakness?

Which single dietary change would most directly increase inositol intake for someone who largely eats processed animal products and few plants?

A public health nutritionist needs to design a brief educational flyer for university students living on low budgets who avoid meat. Which synthesized message most accurately and practically addresses the risk of vitamin-like nutrient insufficiency?