Long-Term Effects of Alcohol: Videos & Practice Problems

Which of the following best summarizes the primary reason alcohol exposure during pregnancy can cause FASD?

Which mechanism most directly explains why chronic alcohol consumption can lead to losses of water-soluble micronutrients like B vitamins and magnesium?

A 48-year-old patient with long-term heavy alcohol use presents with prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and easy bruising. Which of the following mechanisms best explains the likely vitamin-related cause?

Which statement correctly contrasts the three classical stages of alcoholic liver disease in terms of reversibility and pathology?

A 52-year-old heavy drinker undergoes liver biopsy showing diffuse steatosis with focal areas of inflammatory infiltration and a small amount of perivenular fibrotic bands but preserved synthetic function (normal albumin and INR). What is the most appropriate initial management and realistic prognosis?

What is acetaldehyde in the context of alcohol metabolism?

Which of the following mechanisms best explains how chronic heavy alcohol use increases the risk of arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy?

A 45-year-old with chronic heavy alcohol use presents with exertional dyspnea and palpitations. Echocardiography shows reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF 30%) and ECG demonstrates frequent ventricular ectopy. What long-term functional consequences should be anticipated if alcohol use continues?

Chronic alcohol exposure commonly causes gastritis and esophagitis. Which biological process links chronic mucosal inflammation to increased cancer risk in these tissues?

Which of the following is the best concise definition of a diuretic in the clinical context?

Which synthesized public-health statement most accurately and persuasively supports the recommendation that no alcohol is safe during pregnancy and that people trying to conceive should abstain?

Which piece of evidence most strongly supports the policy that 'no amount of alcohol is safe during pregnancy'?

A patient planning pregnancy asks whether it's safe to have an occasional glass of wine while trying to conceive. What is the most appropriate clinical recommendation?

A biopsy shows widespread loss of hepatocytes, regenerative nodules, bridging fibrosis, low albumin, prolonged INR and thrombocytopenia. Which statement best describes reversibility and next clinical steps?

Estimate the range of FASD cases in a city with 250,000 school-aged children if the prevalence is between 1% and 5%.

A public health department plans a screening program in a population of 100,000 school-aged children. If true prevalence of FASD is 3%, the screening test has sensitivity 85% and specificity 90%, how many children are expected to screen positive, and how many of those are true positives?

Which group of vitamins is most likely to be affected by alcohol-related fat malabsorption?

Why is early alcohol exposure (before many people know they are pregnant) of particular concern for fetal development?

Which combination of mechanisms best accounts for multiple nutrient deficiencies in a person with chronic heavy alcohol use?

A patient with chronic alcohol use and persistent dysphagia undergoes endoscopy with biopsy showing chronic esophagitis but no immediate dysplasia. Which is the most evidence-based next step in management to address cancer risk?

Which multi-component treatment plan is most appropriate for a patient with moderate alcoholic hepatitis (inflammation) and some early pericellular fibrosis but preserved liver synthetic function?

If a county of 500,000 school-aged children has an estimated FASD prevalence of 4%, which public-health argument best justifies allocating resources to early screening and intervention?

Which laboratory pattern is most suggestive of alcoholic hepatitis rather than simple fatty liver?

A patient with chronic alcohol misuse shows low serum albumin, prolonged INR, low vitamin D, and signs of muscle wasting. Which interpretation best integrates these findings in the context of alcohol-related nutrition and liver disease?

A clinician must write a concise counseling script to explain FASD risk to a patient who drinks occasionally and is planning pregnancy. Which synthesized explanation is most accurate and clinically appropriate?

Which public health argument is the strongest ethical justification for advising universal abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy?

Which clinical sign or symptom in a chronic drinker should prompt evaluation for alcohol-related esophageal or gastric damage?

Which of the following best characterizes 'fatty liver' in the context of alcoholic liver disease?

Which set of laboratory abnormalities most strongly suggests progression from simple fatty liver toward cirrhosis?